The Big Picture

The Daily Show: Wage Against the Machine


LOL Me in a suit and tie!

 

 

About a decade ago, one of my Bloomberg columns helped kick off a debate about minimum wages and large, for-profit companies using the taxpayer to subsidize their payrolls. This led to much debate, including some embarrassing revelations for Wal-Mart and especially McDonald’s.

Ultimately, it led to an appearance on The Daily Show, where I got to spend the better part of the day shooting a remote segment with the delightful Samantha Bee.

Afterward, I discussed my Daily Show experiences here. If you get the opportunity and trust yourself not to say anything incredibly foolish (see the video below), then yes, you should go on the Daily Show

 

See also:
America’s Corporate Welfare Queens (November 13, 2013) no paywall

 

Previously:
How I Ended Up On The Daily Show (January 28, 2014)

Follow Up: Daily Show Blowback (January 29, 2014)

Go on the Daily Show! (February 17, 2015)

 

 

Click for video
http://videos.criticalcommons.org/transcoded/http/www.criticalcommons.org/Members/JJWooten/clips/the-daily-show-wage-against-the-machine/video_file/mp4-high/daily-show-wage-against-the-machine-mp4.mp4
Source: Economics Media Library

 

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Nobody Knows Anything, Deep Think Edition

 

At the risk of repeating myself ad nauseam, this is as good a time as any to remind ourselves how little we know about the present and how completely unexpected events can be in the future.

Our story so far: The technology sector has been booming for well over a decade. Software, mobile, e-tail, big data, LLM, and now AI have all been in growth mode.

Expectations have been that this is the story of the next generation. Powerful semiconductors and sophisticated software will drive the demand for freestanding, energy-hungry data centers.

That was upended by a scrappy China-based hedge fund that created an innovation to perform the functions of ChatGPT but with much less semiconductor horsepower needed. Free and Open Source, it created an order-of-magnitude decrease in costs.

At one point yesterday markets were off 3-4%, NVIDIA was down almost 20%, and nearly a trillion dollars in market cap disappeared.

As a short reminder, almost nobody had in their forecasts:

2020: Global pandemic that shut the world’s economy
2021: Inflation spikes, heads toward 9%
2022: Russia Invades Ukraine (February 24)
2023: Hamas surprise terror attack on Israel begins Gaza war (October 7)
2024: DeepSeek roils markets, challenges US advantages in AI

If these surprises or random events were rarities, then perhaps we could dismiss them. Was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 a one-off? Pearl Harbor? JFK assassination? 9/11?

The reality is that events that are wholly unexpected and feel random occur with shocking regularity. The years that DON’T have a big surprise are the outliers, not the shock years.

I sure as hell did not see DeepSeek coming. Very few others did, either. But we should never expect any company to own their sector forever. In “How Not to Invest,” I wrote, “It may be hard to imagine today, but your great-grandkids would probably laugh at the reverence once shown for Starbucks, Facebook, Nvidia, Amazon, Google, and even Apple.”

I was referring to Aswath Damodaran’s latest work, “The Corporate Life Cycle: Business, Investment, and Management Implications.,” where he compares all companies to people. They are born, go through growth spurts, mature, and eventually die. Even once-dominant firms like Intel, GE, or Cisco – all eventually lose a step and fade.

As the chart above shows, NVDA goes through regular drawdowns — 66% in 2022-23. My colleague Callie Cox discussed this a week ago — only she was referring to Apple, not Nvidia.

We were less than 4 weeks into the new year when a random event that no one had on their bingo card upended everybody’s market forecasts and sector picks.

It’s just a reminder that when it comes to the future, nobody knows anything

 

 

Previously:
“Nobody Knows Anything,” Wall Street Strategist Edition (January 2, 2025)

Nobody Knows Anything, The Beatles edition (September 26, 2024)

Nobody Knows Anything (Full archive)

 

 

See also:
What Is China’s DeepSeek and Why Is It Freaking Out the AI World? (Bloomberg, January 27, 2025)

3 stock market thoughts amid the DeepSeek sell-off (Sam Ro, Jan 27, 2025)

DeepSeek’s $6 million AI model just blew a $1 trillion hole in the market. Here’s the only explainer you’ll need on this “Sputnik moment” (Sherwood, January 27, 2025)

The anatomy of a bubble bursting (Axios, January 27, 2025)

The Short Case for Nvidia Stock (Jeffrey Emanuel, January 25, 2025)

Apple investors’ mental torture (Optimistic Callie, January 21, 2025)

 

 

If you want to learn more about how the book was made, any related media appearances or background, get unique bonus material, or just ask a question, you can sign up here: HNTI -at-RitholtzWealth.com.

 

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Transcript: Mike Freno, Barings Chairman and CEO

 

The transcript from this week’s, MiB: Mike Freno, Barings Chairman and CEO, is below.

You can stream and download our full conversation, including any podcast extras, on Apple Podcasts, SpotifyYouTube, and Bloomberg. All of our earlier podcasts on your favorite pod hosts can be found here.

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Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio News. This is Masters in business with Barry Ritholtz on Bloomberg Radio

Barry Ritholtz: This week on the podcast. What a fascinating guest. Mike Freno is chairman and CEO of Barings. They run over $431 billion in global assets. Fascinating combination. Not really related to the Barings Bank of, of old, you know, if I think of Barings Bank, you think of the, the bank that blew up when you had an unauthorized trader acting out, as well as the first bank in China and Japan and finance. The, the Louisiana purchase that is not this entity, ING purchased them out of bankruptcy. I think it was for like a dollar or a Euro, and some years later, sold them to MassMutual. And then MassMutual combined Barings investing with a number of other shops, including Babson, a very well regarded investing firm. The shop manages about well over $430 billion. About half of that comes from MassMutual. The other half comes from institutional investors. What they do is really fascinating.

They have been working in various credit and other private areas for decades. I know there’s been a big rush into private credit and private debt over the past few years. Barings has been doing this and MassMutual has been doing this for decades and decades. They, they run a ton of money in order to manage their future liabilities as an insurer. And it’s pretty much non equities. I think they have about $10 billion out of the 400 and change billion that’s in, in public equities. Most of what they do are, are real assets, credit debt, middle market banking. They’re looking for a fairly reasonable stream of, of future income, less volatility, and the potential to meet those as an insurer. Those future liabilities down the road, really not just a fascinating area, but Mike Freno is, is so knowledgeable. He worked as a trader. He worked as a, essentially a high yield portfolio manager before going to the president and then CEO of the company. So he has seen the world of private investing from both sides, both as, as an investor and as part of the management team. Super knowledgeable, super informative. I found this conversation to be absolutely fascinating and, and I think you will also, with no further ado, my discussion with Mike Freno, chairman and CEO of Barings. Yeah,

Mike Freno: Thank you. Thanks for having me. Great to see you. Great,

Barry Ritholtz: Great to have you here. Let’s talk a little bit about your background and, and what led you to this career? A BA from Furman University and MBA from Wake Forest Business School. Was finance always the career plan.

Mike Freno: Well, originally started out in accounting, so I was an accounting major coming out of, out of Furman and worked with the legacy firm for the date myself a little bit. Coopers and Rin Oh, sure. Briefly before it was merged into PricewaterhouseCoopers. And so I spent a couple years on the audit side and then actually transferred over to the tax side. So my first four working years were spent in public accounting. And so that was, that was really the intention at the time was I was interested in accounting. I loved many people, won’t, won’t appreciate this, but loved the way financial statements work. I liked to see how, how businesses make money and, and so I always envisioned myself doing that. But it did have a good, a fortunate opportunity to go really work at a startup hedge fund. It was m and m partners at the time.

It was relatively small. We were just over a hundred million when I went to work there. Went as a controller. So to, to kind of help out on the, the accounting side of things and the, the fun side of things. And then as as companies grow and, and you’re only five people, you tend to start to wear a lot of hats. And as a result of that, had the opportunity to start trading, had to start the opportunity to start doing some analysis. We had a multi strategies that we ran. We ran a merger ARB strategy, also distressed debt, which is really where I, I probably gravitated to the most just because of the, the fundamental analysis that’s associated with, with, with debt investing.

Barry Ritholtz: Alright. So you start out as an accountant at PricewaterhouseCoopers, you’re a controller at m and m Partners, a hedge funds. How do you go from there to Babson? A fairly large investment shop.

Mike Freno: Yeah. So it was, again, often these things, you have to be in the right spot at the right time and, and, and fortune was there for me. And so again, I I was, I was gravitating more towards, I did some trading, so I was, I was working on the trading desk, but really gravitated toward our distressed and event driven strategy, which was largely around at that point in time. It was, it was the mid early two thousands. You had a number of bankruptcies going on. We were, we were analyzing all sorts of things and I really enjoyed the analysis around that. And then had the opportunity to, to speak to the folks at, at Babson, which was one of the predecessor firms to, to Barings. And they were really down there running a leveraged loan in a high yield business again, which was fit really nicely with what I was doing. They were moving into more event driven strategies as well and had the opportunity to go over there and, and, and start working with them. At the time, Babson had about 20 some odd people in Charlotte. We can talk more about this later, but we’re up to over 700 now. Wow. So there’s been a tremendous amount of growth there. But really in 2005 I made that, that shift to, to, to Babson and, and really still doing what I was doing focused on, on, you know, fundamental fixed income analysis.

Barry Ritholtz: Hmm. It, it’s kind of fascinating ’cause you almost defensively said how much you enjoy accounting, but if you’re a good accountant, you look at a balance sheet, you can imagine what’s going on in the company, where their growth areas are, where their problem areas are, where they’re spending too much money, I would imagine that would lend itself very well to distressed asset investing and leveraged asset investing. Tell us a little bit

Mike Freno: About that. Yeah, I, I think it has and, and I do, I I, I say this to folks and, and folks in other industries when you talk about the excitement of analyzing of financial statements and, and going through, but it does tell a story. I mean, if you, if you know how right how ca income statements and cash flow statements and tr translate into balance sheets, it will tell a story of, of how companies are are doing. And if you, you have the intellectual curiosity to dig deeper into it, you can really get a full picture of who’s got a sustainable business, who, who possibly doesn’t. And so you couple the fundamental analysis that with some general understanding of a business. And I think it’s an exciting, exciting combination and, and one that I really had had passion, passionate around and enjoyed doing. So again, was, was very fortunate to find myself in, in many roles, which allowed me to do that.

Barry Ritholtz: And, and you mentioned Charlotte. My firm has an office in Charlotte. I seem to visit Charlotte like every few years, and every time I show up it’s like, oh my God, this place is double the size it was 18 months ago. The growth in Charlotte is really quite amazing and it’s become this giant finance hub. Tell us a little bit about, and you’ve been there your whole career, right? Just

Mike Freno: About Yeah, I’ve been there largely. I, I started out in, in, in South Carolina, I went to to school, Furman was, was in Greenville, South Carolina. So really started my work there. But then ultimately the majority of my time since since 1999, has been spent in Charlotte. And to your point, it continues to grow at a rapid pace. It is a financial services hub. It’s certainly not New York City, but it’s, it’s definitely the top two or three in terms of large financial services. We had the benefit of having Bank of America be located there. Right. Wachovia in First Union, the predecessors to now Wells Fargo had a headquarters there. They keep, they, they do continue to keep a large presence there. But what’s interesting about, it’s when we first started, you know, going around and, and, and marketing to the world and, and our institutional clients, we would often get questions, how do you retain talent? How do you attract talent in Charlotte? And the response was just come, come see it.

Barry Ritholtz: Oh my God, it’s, so, first of all, it’s beautiful. Second of all, everything is very reasonably priced and you have great barbecue and the NASCAR museum and headquarters. Absolutely. Really, there there are worst places in the world. Yeah. And, and the weather is like temperate and reasonable.

Mike Freno: And you sound like you’re working for the Chamber of Commerce.

Barry Ritholtz: Well, we have an office there and every time I go down there, it, it’s, it’s very funky and hip. It feels like a southern version of Brooklyn. And so I don’t see attracting and retaining talent as very difficult in Charlotte. Yeah.

Mike Freno: It’s become, it’s become an asset for us to be located there for, for sure. And, and, and we’ve the talent’s there. And so you’ve seen a number of, of smaller financial services firms start up around there because, and, and, and financial services firms like yourself Yeah. Have moved down there because that’s where talent is and that’s where people wanna live. So it’s been, it’s been great. It’s been nice to see the growth and there’s a real commitment to the city there. So I think we’ve got a few more years of growth for sure.

Barry Ritholtz: Yeah, no, to say the very least. There’s, there’s a bright future there. So I wanna talk a little bit about leadership, especially leadership at a, a large investment firm. First, what was the transition like going from being on a training desk and managing portfolios to running the complete organization to CEO? Yeah,

Mike Freno: It’s, it, it was a, I stepped in in November of 2020, so it’s ’cause a lot of things were going on during that period of time. And yeah, so there was a, there was, it was a, it’s a change, but I, I was fortunate, as I said before, I came from an accounting background. I was also at, at the hedge fund. I was involved in the operations early day of getting things up, understanding how settlements work, things of, of that nature. That, that is in the, they call it the back office today, but is increase increasingly important and complex candidly when you move into different types of asset classes. So I had some familiarity with that. I did have a stepping stone from when I was managing portfolios to, before I took over the CEOI briefly for about eight months, sat in the president’s role, which gave me also oversight over investments.

I had the investments to sales, technology and operations. And while a brief period, it, it gave me an appreciation for things I didn’t know well. And I think actually provided me a pretty good roadmap for starting to rely on on other people, because you’re not gonna know everything about everything. I was investments that’s in my background. But running a company requires a lot of other people to do a lot of other things and making sure that you are comfortable and we’ll say in, in this way, letting the plumbers fix the sink. So I wasn’t an expert in technology, I wasn’t an expert in, in, in operations. So I had to rely on and make sure I had people there I trusted to make the decisions. And I think that was one of the things I learned early on was I should probably make few decisions as the leader of the company and entrust my people to make a lot of them, but make sure you’ve got the right people there to, to do it.

And then the transition is, it’s different. Managing money and managing people is dramatically different. And, and this is a people business. Our asset is our, is our people. It’s an incredibly valuable asset. And then running something that’s global creates a whole nother set of challenges. We’re in over 20 countries and when people talk about culture, we have different cultures, candidly, in different regions because there’s different behaviors and things that that, that are accept are, are done there. But I will say what we do when we describe it is we have a set of philosophies, a set of principles and a set of values that are consistent in understanding that. And recognizing what works in Charlotte, North Carolina may not work necessarily in Seoul. Korea was actually a pretty big learning curve for me.

Barry Ritholtz: Yeah, I can imagine. So you’re, it’s interesting, your, your background is at Eminem, started out with five people at PricewaterhouseCoopers or even back in the day when it was just Leber and Cooper’s, Coopers, Leber, Coopers and Leber. They’re giant. There are thousands and thousands of people. What did the experience at both this small firm and a a a giant firm, how did that shape your leadership at Barings? Yeah,

Mike Freno: It, I think working at a small firm, you begin to appreciate how, how effective quick decision making can be, but understanding, working at a large corporation that you need to have controls, you need to have some element of controls and process that goes along. And so balancing those two out and creating an environment where you’re empowering people to make relatively quick decisions and, and failing fast as well, make decisions to invest, makes decisions to go grow businesses, to acquire businesses. And if things don’t work, let’s be, let’s be intellectual honest about it and, and move quickly. So I think the balance of those two and marrying those two together, and while we’re a large company, we’re around 200, 2000 people, again in, in over 2020 countries, it’s big enough where it requires, you know, certain process. You, you can’t have the decision makers all sitting in a room every single day, just, just making them. It does require some ability to decentralize the decision making process. And as I said earlier, you know, as you move further and further up an organization, you probably should be making less, less decisions. And you’re empowering, you make the big decisions, the ones that are, that are critical to the survival and, and effectiveness of the company. But outside of that, really relying on your team to do to a lot of that. So I think working at both and having the experience of both gave me the appreciation for both.

Barry Ritholtz: So you’ve spent about 20 years, maybe a little over 20 years at the same company now increasingly becoming a rarity. Everybody seems to move jobs and companies pretty regularly these days. Tell us what keeps you at the same firm for so long?

Mike Freno: Yeah, it’s, so, so it’s coming up on 20, I’ve been over, over 19 years now. So we’re, we’re coming in on 20 and, and I was very fortunate to find myself working at Babson at the time in a place that fit my personality and my skill sets. Well it was a very much a team-based approach. It was very much a collaborative approach. It was built on fundamental analysis which fit my skillset, get well. And, and so I think when you’re, when you’re fortunate enough to find an environment where your skillset can be amplified by those around you and by the, the, the business process or the culture that’s there, it works. And, and I was again, very, and, and had an o an opportunity to take on a lot of responsibilities. I was entrusted with things early on in my tenure there and was able to, to start new products, to go out and market those products to see how things worked. And so I’ve, I hopefully have, have created what I enjoyed or at least fostered what I enjoyed so much when I joined the legacy company, Babson. And it’s allowed me to stay there. And, and again, I can’t thank my, my predecessors enough for giving me the opportunity and chance to really, to really grow as a person but, but also grow the business.

Barry Ritholtz: Last question in, in, in this section, you alluded to something that I’m kind of fascinated by and I’ve observed it in a number of different companies. I, I’d love to get your thoughts on this. As a company grows, as you add more assets, more people, more divisions, exactly what you said about you making the critical decisions, but being willing and able to delegate decision making authority to people underneath you, I have heard a number of people talk about how challenging that is to let go. Tell us a little bit about your experience with it.

Mike Freno: Yeah, it, I I think one thing I’m, I’m, I’m fortunate and blessed to have is, is self-awareness. I know what I, I don’t know. And, and I’ve been proven that’s been proven to me a number of times through some mistakes, but I’ve have the scars to, to show it. But, but knowing what you’re, what you’re good at, and we all have very good gifts and we all have weaknesses. And I think it’s okay to accept that and say, I have a gap here. I need to build people around me who, who fill in that gap. But it’s, it’s hard because I think, you know, inherently, most of us believe that we make the best decisions. And so you do have to start moving that. And I try what I’ll, what I’ll tell when new people join the team or when I take over a new, in the past when I’ve taken over a new team is because often what happens is people are making a decision.

They’re looking to their boss. Well what would, what, what kind of lean would would you go, I’m not looking for an answer, but just kind of gimme a direction of where you go and maybe that’s where I’ll go. But I’ve often said you’ll have 10 decisions to make this year. They’re your 10 decisions. Eight of ’em I’ll support a hundred percent and I’ll love them. Two of ’em I may hate, but that’s okay. ’cause they’re your decisions and they’re probably better than I would do because you’re closer to it. And I, I have to remind myself of that too because there’s sometimes when I get uncomfortable, I wanna go back to the areas where I’m comfortable and, and everyone hates to see me sitting on the trading desk. ’cause then they’re like, oh, here we goes.

Barry Ritholtz: Micromanaging for the wind. Yeah. So, so let’s talk a little bit about the modern version of Barings and a little bit of history. What people think of as Barings Bank from the nineties and two thousands. ING bought them after their little mishap and then some years later MassMutual purchased them, the big insurance company and eventually MassMutual put together Babson Capital, Barings Asset Management, cornerstone and Woods Creek. Do, do I have that more or less, right? Yep,

Mike Freno: That’s, that’s right. That’s right.

Barry Ritholtz: So, so tell us, what did this combination of four firms do? Tell us about the reach and capabilities and, and why mashup for fairly substantial investment firms. Yeah,

Mike Freno: So at the time, MassMutual was, was really, you know, saw the, the value in asset management, not only for its general account, but also to be a third party business. And, and at times was, was opportunistic and purchasing up smaller asset management. At, at the time, Barings was one that was purchased from ING as, as you mentioned, to really be, it was the multi-asset international equity business. There was also Wood Creek, which, which you mentioned, which was a real assets business. Think of it in music rights, royalty streams, huh. Infrastructure type things that have tractor trailers that have longer term cash flow profiles. And then there was Babson Capital of which I was a part of, which was the largest, and Babson was actually, the predecessor to that was dl. Babson, the equity manager. MassMutual had purchased that and then ultimately had spun out what was the MassMutual investment management into Babson Capital.

And so we had four affiliates at the time, there was actually five affiliates because MassMutual at the time also owned Oppenheimer Funds. Oh. Which has subsequently been sold to, to Invesco. But we took, we made a decision to combine the four brands, the four aforementioned brands together under the new, the new Barings. And Babson was actually the largest, it was the fixed income manager, but it was the largest in terms of a UM. But what we recognized was the Barings brand actually carried more value than, than the Babson brand, certainly internationally, where our presence was, was very well known. And so we made the decision to combine all four of those businesses together under what was now titled bearings. So

Barry Ritholtz: How do you create and maintain a corporate culture when you’re starting with four very distinct entities? Yeah,

Mike Freno: It’s, it’s, it’s, it’s a challenge at times. And, and what was interesting is, is Babson itself had been a series of acquisitions as well. I mentioned dl Babson was the first. There was a group called IDM, which was Institutional Debt Management that was purchased out of First Union Bank. It was really a CLO and loan manager. That was actually the group that I, I joined at the time. We also bought a, a, a business in, in the UK that was a, a parallel, it was a, a leveraged loan and mezzanine investor called Duke Street Capital Partners. So we had, we had brought companies in together all with the philosophy that we want to fully integrate these. And I’ll, I’ll talk a little bit about the philosophy on that and some of the, the, the challenges that, that come along. But really when the decision was to bring them together, we felt to get the, the most scale and the most long-term value to our ultimate owner owners, which are the policy owners of, of MassMutual, was to combine these businesses under one brand, under one operating model and under one culture.

Now, not everyone made the transition. I’d love to say that it was, it was real easy to do. But, but you know, at, at what we decided to do was really have an investment committee driven team-based approach in some of the portfolio managers of some of the firms. Were, were more driven towards the, the, i I have sole discretion on everything I do. There’s not a process. It’s, it’s my decision to make these with, and I have the support of a research team. And that, that didn’t always mesh up, but we made the decision to move, to move to, to the one standard of, of investing and, and created what is now bearings and have subsequently been able to bring in additional acquisitions. Again, all under the idea of we wanna fully integrate these.

Barry Ritholtz: So we’re talking about corporate culture November, 2020, you’re elevated from president to CEOI recall lots and lots of CEOs talking about in 2020 and 2021, right in the midst of the Covid pandemic, Hey, how are we gonna maintain a form of corporate culture? How do we keep everybody on the same page? What, what were your experiences like? Yeah,

Mike Freno: I would say communications was key and it, it was, it was much more regular speaking to the entire company as opposed to, you know, episodic. And we would do town halls on a, on a, I would say an infrequent basis, but you very much every week you needed to be out there speaking to, to the company. You know, one of the things that was, was fortunate we were, we were global to begin with. So we had an operating model that didn’t have us fully face-to-face all the time.

Virtual at that point, we had invested in some technology, the ama it was amazing how quickly the technology took over at that, at that point in time. But we did have regional heads that were able to continue to, to stay engaged with, with, with our teammates. And I think the, the, the communications was the big part. It was really making sure that you’re constantly and consistently out there telling everyone what’s going on in, in full transparency. And one of the things we’ve really tried to do throughout the company, and it’s, it’s something that I’ve appreciated as I’ve worked my way up to my career, is as much transparency as we can. I have, I have always had this belief in, and the folks at Barings have heard me say this many, many, many times. I would rather know what’s going on and know I don’t like it than not know what’s going on and think I don’t like it. And I think it just creates a level of anxiety when people suspect something. And so when you’re going through tough periods like that, having transparency as much as you can, there’s certain things you can’t share obviously, but to provide that level of clarity to people, I think provides some level of ease and it makes ’em feel more that they’re a part of, of, of what we’re doing. And, and candidly they are, they’re a part of the solution, they’re a part of the growth and they’re a part of the success.

Barry Ritholtz: So you guys are not that far away from 500 billion in assets. Let’s talk a little bit about who your clients are. Obviously Mass Mutual insurer as the parent company is a big client. I’m assuming that’s where the genesis of all these different asset management strategies came from. Who are your other clients?

Mike Freno: Yeah, so MassMutual makes up roughly half of our, of, of our assets. And that’s for the, for the general account. And then outside of that, we are, we are predominantly an institutional manager at this time. We do have some, some penetration into the, we’ll say, wealth and retail channel globally.

Barry Ritholtz: Is that family office more like as opposed to mom and pop investors? Yeah,

Mike Freno: It’s, it’s through some some RIA relationships we have. And then over internationally we, we, we go through wealth as well through, through some of the larger banks, but we’re, we’re definitely more skewed towards what we would consider an institutional or intermediary type relationship. But, but it’s gonna make up the full, full spectrum of that. Obviously insurance is, is a big component of what we do just given our heritage and our DNA, that’s a large component of our third party business, but also sovereign wealth funds, family offices, pensions really across the spectrum in terms of where any, any institutional client really globally. And that’s one of the benefit we have. We do have client base that’s split relatively easy amongst the three regions, I’ll say with the Americas, EMEA and then, and then AsiaPac in Australia.

Barry Ritholtz: So I wanna wrap my head around a large insurer like MassMutual as a client, I would imagine very long term in perspective, but I don’t really grasp what sort of risk tolerance an insurance company has. I assume they don’t want you swinging for the fences, but on the other hand, hey, they could buy treasuries without you. What is that sort of risk embracing, like how, how does that settle out? What are, what are they looking for in terms of returns?

Mike Freno: Yeah, and so I would say, you know, not many of our clients wanna swing in for the cha fences and usually that we’re not the ones to hire to do that. We, we are more very much focused on, on fundamental long-term type in type investing. We do it all up and down and we, we do it within fixed income, we do it within real assets and we do it within what we call capital solutions. But, you know, insurance companies and, and I’ll say this, the O masses, MassMutual obviously is a mutual company and you mentioned a long term horizon, I think is one of the best ownership structures we could have because they are owned by their policy holders who have a very, very long time horizon at the current time. I think our, our oldest policy holder has owned a policy for 80 years.

Wow. And that’s a long-term horizon that that policy holder would loves to see us pay dividends and then would wants us to be there to pay the benefits to their, to their descendants. So it’s really taking a long-term horizon, which allows us not only will we make investments on behalf of our clients, but we make investments in the business, which is equally important for the longevity and sustainability of our company. We have a longer term horizon. We’re not necessarily worried about quarterly earnings or even annual earnings. We’re fiduciaries of what we’ve been given, but we can take a long term look and, and in fact our middle market direct lending business, we started building that in 2013, well ahead of, of a lot of the conversations that had, knowing we may be a little bit early in terms of the acceptance from LPs to move into middle market direct lending of the size and scale it is.

But we took a view that long term we think this is gonna be a valuable place to be. We also knew that MassMutual had a, a, an interest in the asset class, which helps us start new, new strategies. And so I think it’s it’s a good, it’s a good blend of that. And as we move further and further, the the, you know, insurance companies have been buying private or illiquid assets really for forever. Forever, right? Yeah. I mean it’s, you know, back in Massachusetts a hundred, almost 175 years old, 175 years ago, there wasn’t a lot of public bonds that were trading outside of, of, of, of government bonds. So they’ve been in this space for a long period of time and now we’re just, you know, somewhat showing it to other, other parties. So they’re, they’re obviously skewed more towards higher rated assets just given the, the rating of, of the company as AA entity. But that being said, our business, you know, has other things further down the risk spectrum that, that allows us to grow and service other clients.

BR: I wanna better define what capital solutions and real assets are. Let, let’s start with real assets. So you mentioned music royalties and, and copyrights. Yeah. And things like long haul trucks. What other real assets do you guys own and is the goal? We’re just looking for a steady low volatility income stream

MF: In, in most of our strategies, it’s that. And so I would say real assets for, for us is broadly defined as as real estate and infrastructure and, and even infrastructure and real estate can blur at some point in time when you start to look at logistics and things of that nature. They’re,

00:28:19 [Speaker Changed] So when you say infrastructure, are we talking highways and bridges or are we talking trucks and rails? You

00:28:24 [Speaker Changed] Think? Trucks and truck. It, it’s all of the above for us. It’s more along the, the, the trucks and, and rails and, and towers, wireless towers, things of, of, of that nature that fits within their data centers can fall into to either either one of those type type things. So that’s, that’s the real assets. But we do have the capabilities, again, we own, we own trailers. We own an aircraft leasing business. And so those things that are, are, are longer term more stable type cash flows, capital solutions is really encompasses all of it to, to be honest, it’s, it’s more of a unique solution, a more bespoke solution for a client when it comes to, it’s not something that would, and certainly when we originate things in all of our private assets, there’s some level of some level of customization for those clients. But when you get into Capital Solutions, it’s really a unique solution to a client who has a, a financing need of some side. It can be a preferred equity piece, it can be an equity or a debt piece with, with equity kickers, all sorts of things that, that fit within that. That’s, that’s slightly unique and that will come more than likely with higher returns. It’s a little heavier lift to be able to do a little bit different analysis that goes along with it, but it’s a higher returning profile.

00:29:33 [Speaker Changed] So, so I get the sense that there are some advantages to working with a large insurance firm, not just the, the longevity, but it seems like there is the freedom to do the sort of things that a lot of investors just don’t have the patience to wait for.

00:29:52 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, and there’s, there’s also an alignment. I mean, MassMutual is a, is alongside our investors on almost everything we we do. They’re in the same strategies and, and varying sizes and scales. So, so there is a complete alignment from where we are investing our parent company’s capital as well as where we’re investing our, our third party event. But it does help to have a, a parent company like this who allows us to seed, seed investments, allows us to grow things. And you’ve seen more and more frequently now the tie up of, of what we’ll call alternative managers with insurance companies because there is a need on the asset side as well as the liability side. So the liabilities coming from the insurance company, those assets or those, those liabilities, the cash that comes with those needs to be invested in assets that, that provide a return, that meet that liability.

00:30:38 And so there’s naturally this move. Now we did this 20 years ago, and so we’re seeing a lot of this happen now, but this is something that we had done a long, long time ago. And seeing that a, a captive, which is what we started as an ask captive asset manager for an insurance company, can also be a great service provider to, to other clients as well. And that’s really in 2000 when we started this focus of making what was Babson and the other brands more focused on third party as well as the com parent company.

00:31:06 [Speaker Changed] And, and when you discuss liabilities for an insurance company, those future obligations are, are fairly predictable. I mean, there’s some variability, hey, you’re working with annuity tables and things like that, but it’s a pretty predictable set of obligations. How does that impact how you think about the risk tolerances and, and where you want to go with the investment dollars? Yeah, I

00:31:29 [Speaker Changed] Mean it’s all, as with most fixed, all fixed income investing, candidly, it’s, it is you, you want to get your return, you get your coupon and then you get paid back at the end of the day. So it, it really is. And then how, how things are measured in terms of duration long in terms of tenor and all those things, really that’s something that we don’t do as much. The parent company handles all the asset liability management side of things. They give us asset allocations, we go ahead and and and and invest those dollars. So whether security selectors if, if you will. But yeah, when you look at the liabilities of, of a number of insurance companies out there and you think of whether there’s, there’s, there’s the life business, it could be term or it could be whole life, you also then look at the annuities, the pension risk transfer, all of those have a set, you know, pension risk transfer, a longer, much longer dated set of liabilities.

00:32:17 But it’s, it is, it creates a, an interesting opportunity in different asset classes to refine excess returns. And I think what, what folks are are starting to see, and this is certainly the case with us, we have always recognized that we would be happy to pick up additional returns for illiquid an illiquidity premium without taking additional risk. And that’s, that’s really what I think, think insurance companies have. The, the, the flexibility to do is to take that illiquidity premium because they, they have a, a much better idea of what their liabilities look like and and matching those up.

00:32:48 [Speaker Changed] And you’re a member of the executive leadership team at MassMutual, discuss a little bit, if you will, what those conversations are like. It must be fascinating to sit on that board that’s essentially overseeing your day job.

00:33:04 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, it’s, it, it was very insightful for me. I had, I had some knowledge of the insurance industry and, and really just how it touched the asset management industry, but it does give me a bigger perspective on, on the, the industry as a whole. And I think more and more as you, you see, and certainly there are really deep cases of this where alternative asset managers, whether it’s with reinsurers or insurance companies have become one, we have a front row seat to how the two are, are, are managed. And so I think it’s just given us a much better perspective. And I also think it’s made barings and, and hopefully myself as a better partner to some of our other clients is, is recognizing and have a better understanding of that.

00:33:45 [Speaker Changed] Hmm. Really, really interesting. Before we get into the details of investment management, I have to ask you a question. There was a quote of yours that kind of grabbed me. You, you’ve self described your own leadership style as confident humility. Explain what that means, that, that’s a fascinating phrase. Yeah,

00:34:05 [Speaker Changed] Thank you for asking that. I, I use it, I use it a lot. I’m not sure where I, where I picked it up, but I, but I love it and I think it describes how we operate at, at Barings. It, it goes back to the element of having some self-awareness and I think understanding we need to be confident in what we do. We make big decisions whether we’re on the investment team making decisions for clients’ portfolios or whether we’re in management or any other part of the business. We have to be confident in the decisions that, that we make. And we have to, you know, rebound from, from mistakes at times. But at the same time recognizing with an element of humility, which I think is a gift for people to have that, that we don’t have all the answers all the time. And, and seeking counsel and seeking partnerships and seeking people to do that isn’t necessarily a sign of of, of not knowing things. It’s a sign of just saying, Hey, I need, I need a little bit of help here. So I, I use the phrase very frequently. I, I love it. Again, I’m whoever, whoever came up with it, I I, I’ll attribute it to ’em if I find out. But it is, it is, it is something I think, and I hope i, I live by and I, I think most of the teammates at Barings do as well.

00:35:05 [Speaker Changed] So let’s talk a little bit about how the asset management industry is going to evolve over the next decade. You guys aren’t very equity heavy, but you’re much more focused on private markets, on anything that is a fairly regular income stream. How do you see not just insurance, but the entire asset management industry evolving in the future? Well,

00:35:29 [Speaker Changed] There’s clearly a growth into to what folks are calling private assets. I think that’s, that’s definitely gonna continue to be the trend. I also think in some of the more established private assets, there’s a blurring of lines between public and private and, and what, you know, what was in leveraged loan, the leveraged loan market is a pretty good market for that. You’ve got deals that are several billion, which are going to private credit firms. You’ve got deals that, that were started in the middle market space would’ve, which would’ve been 500 million. And like I said, now there there’re several billion and so is that a syndicated market or is that a, a private market? So you’re seeing the ebbs and flows of that, and I think that makes sense. There’s relative values that change between public and private markets over the time. But also more and more what you’re seeing is, is an, is kind of a, an emergence of more private asset classes being purchased by, by, by individuals and, and probably more by institutionals, less by individuals at this time.

00:36:24 But over time you’ll see that it’s in the asset based finance space, the securitization space, things that were always somewhat in the private space but didn’t come out into the public markets through, through cusip actually coming off a bank’s balance sheet. So I think that’s gonna continue. And you’ve, you’ve seen any numbers of 3 trillion to 5 trillion of how big the market can be. Really anything that’s in a public market from a debt standpoint can really operate in the private market. And so it just depends on what borrowers are candidly looking for. Are they looking for some sort of certainty of execution? Can I get that better in the public market? Can I get it better in the private market? What terms can I get in each, do I want, do I want my information in the public market perhaps I, I prefer to keep, I’m a closely held company prefer maybe I’d prefer to keep my information amongst a a private and small group of of lenders.

00:37:16 So that’s, that’s moving, you know, you, you see new things like portfolio finance, which which is something we do on a large scale, which is, it’s slightly different from from nav lending, but it’s, it is lending to GPS and lending to, to portfolios. It’s a growing business, highly customized, highly bespoke structures that take a lot of heavy lifting to do. But I think more and more we’re gonna see that as, as people try to find, and I described it earlier, possibly take getting more higher yields, higher returns, but not taking more risk, but picking that up through either complexity premium or an illiquidity premium.

00:37:53 [Speaker Changed] So you, you mentioned a couple of things earlier that I want to hit back on, which is how various markets have, have kind of moved up. And I see this across lots of different things, whether it’s public financing or even public companies, whether they stay private or go public, it seems that everything has gotten bigger, higher assets higher a UM and it almost feels as if Wall Street has kind of abandoned that middle market. You, you mentioned things that, that used to be private at, at three, four, 500 million are now still private at two three 4 billion. This seems to be going across every sector I look at, is this just a natural evolution of capital markets or have valuations and size just gotten so large that Wall Street can only service these giant shops and it creates this void in, in the middle underneath? Well, I think

00:38:53 [Speaker Changed] The ability for companies to stay private longer is a good thing, right? And I think it’s actually, and there’s definitely a need for the public markets. We don’t wanna lose those all together and we don’t want it to only be for the trillion dollar market cap companies. I think it’s healthy to have a, a moving market because people at times will want some sort of monetization event. They will want some sort of liquidity and you, you can get some of that in the private markets, but it’s, it’s not nearly the, the, the way you can get it in the public markets. But I I I go back to using the leverage loan and your example’s exactly right. When I started out in the business, a a broadly syndicated leverage loan deal could have been $500 million, a bank would’ve brought that deal and 10 people would’ve owned it and traded it.

00:39:33 Now that’s, that’s not the case. You, you gotta be moving up. And so I think it is an evolution of things and I think, you know, banking reg regulations have changed some of the bank’s ability to do some of this, this type of lending. We’ll see if that changes in the future. But the good thing about the capital markets in general is it’s efficient and if there’s a, if, if there’s a way for people to get excess returns, capital will flow into that and over time if spreads become compressed there, they’ll move to other areas, which I think is overall healthy, healthy for a market.

00:40:03 [Speaker Changed] And you talked about the relative value as assets shift between public and private and back. How do you capture that gap, that difference? Is it just a function of all this capital flowing into private markets? There’s no doubt public markets are historically pricey today, but it feels like so much cash chasing all these private assets, you’re gonna end up with a very similar situation.

00:40:31 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, and the, the, well, I think one of the distinct differences is obviously the, the quickness of the rapidness at which a public market changes price, whether it’s valuation
00:40:42 [Speaker Changed] Second by second,
00:40:43 [Speaker Changed] Whether it’s valuation or whether it’s, it’s it’s spreads on yields going wider or going tighter. That’s, that’s effectively real time. It takes longer in the private markets because these deals take a long time to longer to, to originate, to close and to move on. And so the reaction time is slightly there and if it’s, if it’s a brief correction in the market, maybe the private markets get it right and the public markets just had a, a period of inefficiency, but over time those two should converge and, and you should be getting a premium if you’re moving into private assets, there’s nothing to suggest that you should be getting tighter spreads in a private market, giving up your liquidity and there’s some liquidity. But that nearly the case of the public markets, if you’re giving that up, you should be getting a premium. So over time there needs to be a premium given into the private markets, over the public markets, which would also suggest that over time companies who are looking to as much as possible reduce their cost of capital, will gravitate to where the financing is, is most appropriate to them. And that may be in the publics and maybe in the private.

00:41:46 [Speaker Changed] So Barings has been in the space for decades now. It seems that certainly since the financial crisis and and more intensely since the pandemic, just huge flows of capital are going to to private. At what point does that become a crowded trade? What’s the capacity like on the private side? Yeah,

00:42:10 [Speaker Changed] It’s big because in theory you can start taking market share from the public side. And that’s where I think some, you know, our, our, our direct lending business is really purely in the middle market space. And so think of us looking at companies with 75 million of EBITDA and below rather than the multi-billion. We don’t currently traffic in that and we traffic in the middle market and then we traffic in the syndicated space. But the, the direct lending space in between is somewhat of a, of a white space for us. But I think that’s what you’ve seen is as large capital allocators and aggregators have billions and tens of billions and twenties of billions to put to work it, it becomes hard to do that in chunks of 250 million. Much easier to do in 2.5 billion. And so there’s a, there’s a tug of war between the public and private markets as who’s taking market share from from that all good companies. It’s just that what what is your strategy necessarily looking to, to do, but without the private market seeing new deal volume. And so whether we start to see m and a transactions come back, whether we start to see club deals being formed for public companies and things that

00:43:16 [Speaker Changed] Club deals being

00:43:17 [Speaker Changed] Club deals will have to club deals being you get four or five lenders together and they take down the a $4 billion deal and say it’s, it’s a club of us rather than one person doing it on a

00:43:27 [Speaker Changed] Bilateral, not quite a syndicate, not quite a simple person.

00:43:29 [Speaker Changed] It’s that great. It’s that it’s that white space in between that evolves in there that you’ve got. And so they’ll, there’ll have to be either new deal volume, as I said, or, or the, the private markets will have to take market share, continue to take market share from the public markets.

00:43:42 [Speaker Changed] So you we’re talking about institutional investors. Do they want fewer but larger and more strategic relationships? What, what are they looking for in terms of capabilities and portfolio solutions from from an investment shop like yours?

00:43:56 [Speaker Changed] Well, absolutely, and I think probably everyone is looking for fewer relationships they have. They have to deal with a lot of, of relationships and a lot of partners. So the more you can have a robust or a broad sense of capabilities, the the, the more value you are to be. And I think what’s interesting for, and what we’ve tried to build and how we’ve kind of gone through acquisitions and how we’ve gone through organic growth is to really make sure we cover all of that. And so we’ve, if you look at our acquisitions over time, if you look at what we’ve grown, we’ve tried to be global and so we, we make acquisitions of things that are adjacent or tangential to our currently Strat current strategies.

00:44:31 [Speaker Changed] Is that strategic or tactical?

00:44:33 [Speaker Changed] That’s strategic and that’s just the view that we take. We wanna have global capabilities for what we do. And so if we, if we do direct lending in the US we do direct lending in Europe and we do direct lending in AsiaPac. And it’s, it’s basically what saying to into to companies, if you have the desire for a global portfolio, if you have the desire for us to determine where the best relative value is, we can do that capability. You don’t need to select three different managers to cover three different parts of the globe Equally, we’ve done that with the liquid and illiquid side. And so if, if folks come and say, I want, I wanna leverage finance pro product, I want something that’s below investment grade, but I know at times high yield’s more attractive at times, leveraged loans are at attract more attractive and at times direct lending’s more attractive. You determine where that best relative value is and I think that’s been a hallmark of how we viewed it. Let’s do what we do well and let’s make sure we do it globally and we have deep enough capabilities to service all those needs.

00:45:27 [Speaker Changed] You’ve been on the investing side of global high yield. How has your perspective been affected as, as CEO from your background in, as a trader investor in that space?

00:45:38 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, so one of the, the things that came out of is I was a part of a US loan group originally. So a syndicated loan group was where I, I first started at Babson. We then made the decision of, you know, these are similar, two sides to the same coin. High yield bonds and leveraged loans are often in the same capital structure. One just comes with a fixed coupon, one just got a cusip and one’s more private, but, but often it’s the same company. So we decided to combine those two businesses together. Then we went and said, you know what, what’s what’s unique about us is we’ve got great capabilities in Europe and we’ve got great capabilities in us. And so in 2009 we said let’s create a global high yield platform, which was really one of the first of its of its kind. And so that that experience and per perspective said to me, we, this is really something that’s here. Clients will value our global perspective. They’ll still may want to only allocate to one region or another or one asset or another, but who those who are interested, let’s take a look at that. And that as much as as, as the, the investing side of it was there, it was really the business side of it I think, which has helped me in my, my current role.

00:46:42 [Speaker Changed] So I keep reading and hearing about new credit asset classes. What’s the appetite like for that?

00:46:47 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, it, it’s becoming more and more popular. I think it’s really on the asset base side of things. So there’s a lot of different things that can fall into that category and and if you’re talking about origination platforms, whether it’s a mortgage origination platform where someone will, will take all the mortgages originated by that and package it into something so as, as more and more it becomes more and more accepted to have a portion of your portfolio in illiquid assets. And I don’t think it’s just for insurance companies, I think insurance companies are well equipped to do that because their liabilities are, are fairly well known. But pensions also have a, a bucket for things that are illiquid and I think historically they’ve used them for higher yielding things. But I suspect going forward and where a number of our conversations are taking place is around the IG portion of their portfolio, the investment grade portion of their portfolio, that if I can pick up an additional a hundred to 150 basis points of spread or yield in a private market, I don’t need all of my assets in my portfolio to be on the liquid side.

00:47:49 That’s usually the bucket I use for liquidity is in my investment grade, in in government bond side of things. But maybe I move a little bit into illi illiquid assets and pick up additional yield for that portion because I don’t need 5% I can sacrifice for, for illiquidity purposes.

00:48:05 [Speaker Changed] So it sounds like there are a ton of tailwinds for the private credit and, and debt sides. What do you think is the next phase of growth? What’s the, what’s the next area that’s ripe that perhaps hasn’t really been been well explored?

00:48:23 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, the, we’ve canvased a lot of it. I mean I think there’s, there’s a lot, but I do think the, in the private investment grade side of the market is really going to be the area where it’s gonna grow. And when people talk about

00:48:33 [Speaker Changed] Investment grade that’s private,

00:48:35 [Speaker Changed] Not public private. Yes. And so I think when people originally, even as early as last year when you have said direct lending or private credit, everyone would’ve moved to middle market, corporate direct lending. And that’s what was in everyone’s mind. And, and that was a component of it, it’s a component of it, but it’s actually one of the smaller components of it. Candidly, when you expand to all the other types of lending that can be done and has traditionally been done by, by banks and has now been done by, is being done by asset managers and insurance companies, the, the, the opportunities are vast. And so I, I think that’s going to be an area that continues to grow and continues to, to offer investors on the institutional side. And I, I suspect it will start to gravitate more and more towards the, the individual and wealth side of it business as well.

00:49:20 [Speaker Changed] Hmm. Really interesting. So you mentioned in passing some previous acquisitions, I know Altus and, and Gron most recently. What are your plans? Are you thinking about more acquisitions? Is this deliberative or is it merely opportunistic or a little bit of both?

00:49:38 [Speaker Changed] It’s, it’s, it’s really strategic. You know, I think we, we have looked at and where we, we love the portfolio of capabilities that we have and we’re, we’re willing to expand on those both organically and inorganically. We’ve had a history of building out teams. I, I referenced earlier we started building our middle market team in 2013. At that same time we built our emerging market debt team at that time. But also as you you referenced, we’ve just made two acquisitions, both happened to be in, in Australia but they were extensions of capabilities we had. One was a real estate business, which gave us more of a global real estate presence and the other was a securitizations business, which gave us global capabilities and securitization. So hopefully you’re seeing a theme here that, that we really want to continue to have the global and so we are, we are very much open and looking for acquisitions.

00:50:24 As I mentioned before, we want to, to fully integrate those. And so this is a people business. And so when you’re looking at spec, you know specifically principally owned businesses, businesses that are owned by a founder, you’ve gotta make sure your interests are aligned there and that there’s an expectation that this is gonna be an over time an integrated company. Now what we don’t do is we don’t mess with the investment process. That’s what’s got them there. What we do look to do is integrate operations, integrate sales to get a globe. We have a global sales force. We think it’s best to leverage that way, but we’re absolutely always looking for good opportunities and, and good things that hopefully will all fit within the strategic lens. So we’re not gonna be looking to buy something that doesn’t fit with where we’re going as a company, but certainly there are a lot of good companies out there, and we’re looking at a, at a few now and hopefully be able to have a few more to announce over the coming years.

00:51:15 [Speaker Changed] Hmm. Really, really interesting. Let me throw you a curve ball. All right. So you oversaw sales operations technology, you were on the investment side. Now you’re CEO and chairman. How do you think about artificial intelligence affecting your business? What is the future of the sort of very personal relationships, very specific types of credit you guys swim in? How is AI gonna impact that?

00:51:46 [Speaker Changed] It is going to impact for sure. And so what we’ve created a, we have an innovation team that, that really focuses on this. ’cause I think the, the use cases for, for AI and for all of these technologies is gonna come throughout everyone of our teammates. It’s not necessarily gonna be me sitting at the top of the organization saying, this is how we should use it. I I the applications are, are yet to be determined exactly how vast, how, how the art of the possible is here. I think one of the things we are finding is the data, especially in the private markets, has become so, so important. And right now a lot of it is unstructured data from historical and that we’re, everyone’s doing a better job of cataloging that data today. But the ability to use these machines to, to make decisions really depends on the excess to, to data, right? And our data on private companies and others, data on private companies is very, very valuable to help inform investment decisions and inform business decisions. But if it’s not in a structure that works, it’s not in a structure that can be accessible. It’s of no value,

00:52:49 [Speaker Changed] Not machine ready quite yet.

00:52:50 [Speaker Changed] It’s not, it’s not. It, it, look, the technology’s getting better to go out and find unstructured data and, and bring it in. But it’s, it’s still a ways away. The public markets have done an incredible job of, of bringing things together and having it to be able to mine that information. But really the private data that exists out there is so large in it’s in many cases, certainly the historical data is, is very unstructured.

00:53:14 [Speaker Changed] Hmm. Really interesting. So let’s jump to our favorite questions that we ask all of our guests. Starting with what’s keeping you entertained these days? What are you watching or listening

00:53:24 [Speaker Changed] To? Yeah, in terms of, of, of streaming. I’m, I’m, you know, I’ve just finished or almost finished with season two of Silo, so that’s Oh, really? Yeah, it’s an interesting one.

00:53:33 [Speaker Changed] Sci-fi that’s on Apple, if I

00:53:34 [Speaker Changed] Remember. It’s sci-fi. It’s on Apple. It’s, it’s, yeah, it’s, it’s entertainment for, for sure. I, I watched three Body Problem a while ago as

00:53:41 [Speaker Changed] Well, so Good. Yes, so

00:53:42 [Speaker Changed] Good. Yeah, like waiting and anxious for the second and third season of, of, of that to come up. So I get my fiction when I watch and I mostly read nonfiction. I’ve, you know, I’m in the, just at the end.

00:53:53 [Speaker Changed] Well, we’ll talk a little bit about books in a moment. Before we get there, I want to ask, who were your mentors who helped shape your career?

00:54:01 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, so I, I, I’ve used these two and these, these two are really pivotal. One was my, my second boss at PricewaterhouseCoopers. What, what he taught me was really the caring nature of business and how it should, how people should view others and retos. And it was an interest. I worked for ’em for only two years, and ever since I’ve left, I still get a call on my birthday. Oh really? Without fail, I talk to ’em other times, but without fail, I get a call on my birthday and that’s always resonated. I mean, working for someone for two years, but then for decades afterwards, they continue to remember something that is, you know, it’s birthdays become, come and go every year. But it was important enough or I was important enough to him as a person to make that, to make that call. So that’s something I’ve tried to take away and be conscious of that people care about those things. Talk,

00:54:49 [Speaker Changed] Talk about people skills and people business.

00:54:51 [Speaker Changed] It was an admirable trait, certainly. And then another one was, was a, a coach of, of youth sports was really one who taught me that the individual will never be above the team. And no matter how valuable someone is, no matter how important or capabilities or skillset are, if they don’t fit within the strategy of a team or the approach and philosoph Phil philosophy of a team, it won’t matter. It will be destructive. And so learning those on really, again, and I think my skillset and my, my personality fits well within a team-based structure, which is to your earlier question about how, why did I stay at, or how have I stayed at Barings for so long? It was a fit. And so I recognizing that always made
me understand, and again, I think it pointed out to having some self-awareness that these companies and, and part of my job as a steward of the company right now. But MassMutual, as I mentioned, has been around for 175 years. As long as it owns bearings, it’s gonna be around many, many years after I’m gone. And I’m a steward of it currently at this, but my job is to bring other people along and so therefore it has to be a team.

00:55:53 [Speaker Changed] Let’s talk about books. What are some of your favorites? What are you reading right now?

00:55:56 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, I’m just finishing up the, the Steve Jobs book by Walter Isaacson. I, I, he’s fantastic. I, before that I read the Musk book and then actually read a book by him called Codebreakers, which was at the, about the mRNA technology. So I, I get most, I read mostly non-fiction when it, when it comes to that. So I’m, I’m, I’m going through those kind of juggle books at the same time. I just also finished 1776 by David McCullough. So that’s, that’s really what I’m reading. But most of the stuff is nonfiction.

00:56:27 [Speaker Changed] I, I, every time someone brings up McCullough, I have to bring up the Wright Brothers book by him. Amazing.

00:56:32 [Speaker Changed] Yeah. I’ve never, okay, well that’ll, we’ll put that on the list. I haven’t read it yet, but I’ll, I’ll put that on the list. And, and a good writer is so gifted. I mean, it’s, it’s amazing what they can do with, with stories. So I’ve enjoyed reading, reading those.

00:56:43 [Speaker Changed] Our final two questions. What sort of advice would you give to a recent college grad interested in a career in either private investing, insurance investing, or in general, if, if that was what they were interested in a, as a career? Yeah,

00:57:00 [Speaker Changed] I mean, first it’s a great, it’s a great industry. I love it. And there’s a lot of aspects of financial services, and this is somewhat timely. I’ve got a, I’ve got a sophomore in, in college now who I’m somewhat counseling on, although he listens less to me and more to other people. But, but I, I, I’ve always advised when we bring in two year analysts out of college, we have a two year analyst program. And I’m fortunate enough to speak with them. It’s, take it all in you, you, you don’t know exactly what you want to do today, but, but look around, ask a lot of questions. Intellectual curiosity is key. If you’ve got intellectual curiosity about something, you’ll be better at it. But, but most importantly, find a place where you want to be working with who you wanna work with, doing what you want to do.

00:57:42 And that, that to me is the key. If, if you find yourself in any of those three, don’t match up. I really think it’s, it’s irrespective of how great you think the industry is, the prestige of it. You just won’t be, be happy long term. And I, I think I was, again, fortunate, I loved public accounting, but I couldn’t see myself doing that forever. I enjoyed it. And I was fortunate again to find myself in a situation like this. So if you’re not where you are with who you want to be with doing what you want, it’s, it’d be, it’d be time to move on.

00:58:12 [Speaker Changed] And our final question, what do you know about the world of finance credit lending and investing today? You wish you knew 25 years or so ago when you were really first getting started?

00:58:23 [Speaker Changed] Yeah, I, I think what I, what I would say is what I knew back then or thought I knew back then, that fundamentals ultimately will, will, will, are, are key. You lose track of that sometimes when you see euphoria and you see bubbles and you start to get away from, from really long- term cash flows of things or, or what really matters over time. So I think it’s not what I wish I knew then it was what I, I had wish I hadn’t forgotten over time because mistakes are made really when you lose sight of the fundamentals of things. And so I would, I’d encourage folks that long term valuation should be based off an expectation of growth, an expectation that that sooner or later will turn into earnings, which will ultimately turn into cash flows. And keeping that in mind that, that, you know, that’s the fundamental for all investments and what investments that are people are made and ultimately valuations.

00:59:12 [Speaker Changed] Hmm. Really, really very fascinating. Mike Freno, thank you for being so generous with your time. We have been speaking with Mike Freno, chairman and CEO of Barings, which manages over $430 billion in global financial assets. If you enjoy this conversation, check out any of the 500 previous interviews we’ve done over the past 10 years. You can find those at Bloomberg, iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, wherever you find your favorite podcasts. And be sure and check out my new book, how Not to Invest the ideas, numbers, and behaviors that destroy wealth and how to avoid them coming March 18th, 2025. I would be remiss if I did not thank the crack team that helps put these conversations together. Anna Luke is my producer. John Wasserman is my audio engineer. Sean Russo is my researcher. Sage Bauman is the head of podcast here at Bloomberg. I’m Barry Riol. You’ve been listening to Masters in Business on Bloomberg Radio.

 

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10 Monday AM Reads

My back-to-work morning train WFH reads:

The World Is Getting Riskier. Americans Don’t Want to Pay for It. California is a microcosm of what happens when insurance breaks down: Either households face potential ruin, or the public is handed a financial time bomb. (Wall Street Journal)

7 charts that explain why Americans are unhappy with the economy: Some statistics illustrate why Americans still feel crunched even though traditional metrics make economic conditions seem strong.(Washington Post) see also How Bidenomics boosted growth but failed Americans — in charts: The US economy outperformed its global peers but left citizens feeling worse off, leading many to turn to Donald Trump. (Financial Times)

The ‘Crazy Guy’ Who Bet Billions on the iPhone—3 Years Before It Existed: How SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son convinced Steve Jobs to make the deal of the century. (Wired)

Meta courted Trump. Now comes the backlash from Facebook, Instagram users. Why the internet blames Mark Zuckerberg for the TikTok shutdown. (Washington Post)

When A.I. Passes This Test, Look Out: The creators of a new test called “Humanity’s Last Exam” argue we may soon lose the ability to create tests hard enough for A.I. models. (New York Times)

Worried About Social Security Under Trump? What to Know About Claiming Early. Despite the urge to pocket your money before things get worse, Social Security isn’t going away. What’s more, current beneficiaries and people close to retirement are highly unlikely to see any reduction in benefits, says Charles Czajka, founder of financial consultancy Macro Money Concepts. “It would be a cold day in hell before they cut Social Security benefits, so they have to find a fix,” he says. (Barron’s)

The Art of Calling Out Room Dynamics. We’re all so caught up in our own perspectives and agendas that we forget to take a step back and acknowledge the collective experience happening in the room. That’s where the simple act of naming what’s happening comes in. It’s like hitting a giant “pause” button on the spiraling negativity. (Leadership Garden)

The Myth that Musicians Die at 27 Shows How Superstitions Are Made: Famous people who die at age 27, such as Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix and Amy Winehouse, get even more famous because of the mythology surrounding that number—an example of how modern folklore emerges. (Scientific American)

A Columbia professor criticized Israeli students. It put her job at risk. Law professor Katherine Franke drew colleagues’ complaints, and a university investigation, when she spoke out about Gaza protests on the Ivy League campus. (Washington Post)

 A Tech Mogul Is Hell-Bent On Having a Formula One Racing Team: In New Zealand’s backcountry, David Dicker is spending tens of millions to build a 360 mph car. (Bloomberg)

Be sure to check out our Masters in Business interview this weekend with Mike Freno, Chairman and CEO at Barings. The firm is owned by Mass Mutual, and half of its $431 billion in invested assets are from the insurance giant, with the rest coming from institutional investors.

 

Which Countries Dominate the Supply Chain for Strategic Metals?

Source: Visual Capitalist

 

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10 Sunday Reads

Avert your eyes! My Sunday morning look at risk, corruption and policy failures:

High Interest Rates Are Hammering Investors. What Lies Ahead Could Be Worse. Rising rates would be bad news for bondholders and borrowers of all stripes, particularly the U.S. government. They cast a shadow over stocks, too. (Barron’s)

First-Time Homeownership Became Less Affordable Across Most of the United States in Recent Years: New homeownership became less affordable across much of the United States over the last five years. Swiftly rising house prices and higher borrowing costs have not been fully offset by wage gains, making homeownership less affordable in both metropolitan and rural areas. Although new homeownership is less affordable than in years past, slower housing price gains and steadily rising wages may offer some reprieve for housing affordability in the coming year. (Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City)

The US’s Worst Fears of Chinese Hacking Are on Display in Guam: Small-scale telecommunications networks and utilities on a remote Pacific island are up against what US intelligence agencies say is an unprecedented Chinese cyberwar plan. (Businessweek)

• Nate Anderson: Why we are disbanding Hindenburg Research, A Personal Note From Our Founder: Nearly 100 individuals have been charged civilly or criminally by regulators at least in part through our work, including billionaires and oligarchs. We shook some empires that we felt needed shaking. (Hindenburg Research)

Your phone is destroying your social life: Technology and the cost of convenience, explained. There are clearly trade-offs with every technology. The only sensible question we can ever ask is: Are the trade-offs in each case truly worth it? What are they adding to our lives and, more importantly, what are they taking away? (Vox)

Experts saw Samoa’s plunging vaccination rates as a crisis. RFK Jr. saw an opportunity. New details show how Robert F. Kennedy Jr., then chair of an anti-vaccine group and now Trump’s pick for health secretary, sought to exploit a deadly vaccine accident. Months after Kennedy’s visit, the question of what would happen to Samoa’s unvaccinated babies was answered. A measles outbreak swept the country, sickening thousands and killing 83, mostly small children. (NBC News)

It’s Official: Cars Are the Worst Product Category We Have Ever Reviewed for Privacy: All 25 car brands we researched earned our *Privacy Not Included warning label — making cars the official worst category of products for privacy that we have ever reviewed. (Privacy Not Included)

Trump Barely Won the Popular Vote. Why Doesn’t It Feel That Way? (Trump’s Cultural Victory Has Lapped His Political Victory): In 2024, Donald Trump won the popular vote by 1.5 points. This result was treated as an overwhelming repudiation of the left and a broad mandate for the MAGA movement. But by any historical measure, it was a squeaker. You have to go back to the 2000 election to find a margin smaller than Trump’s. (New York Times)

•  How 19th Century Scientists Predicted Global Warming: Today’s headlines make climate change seem like a recent discovery. But Eunice Newton Foote and others have been piecing it together for centuries. (JSTOR Daily) see also  Climate Whiplash and Fire Come to L.A.: Climate change has brought both fiercer rains and deeper droughts, leaving the city with brush-like kindling—and the phenomenon is on the rise worldwide. (New Yorker)

Trump’s crypto coin is little more than a whizbang Ponzi scheme: It has become the easiest, most convenient way to curry favor with the president. (Washington Post)

Be sure to check out our Masters in Business interview this weekend with Mike Freno, Chairman and CEO at Barings. The firm is owned by Mass Mutual, and half of its $431 billion in invested assets are from the insurance giant, with the rest coming from institutional investors.

 

Damning 5 year study of Brexit, quantified

Source: @NicholasTyrone

 

 

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~~~

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10 Weekend Reads

The weekend is here! Pour yourself a mug of Colombia Tolima Los Brasiles Peaberry Organic coffee, grab a seat by the fire, and get ready for our longer-form weekend reads:

How Long Can Toyota Put Off Figuring Out EVs? The world’s No. 1 automaker has kept its focus on hybrids and gas-guzzlers, for better and worse. (Businessweek)

• The Spectacular Burnout of a Solar Panel Salesman: He thought he’d make millions of dollars selling solar panels door-to-door. The reality was much darker. (Wired)

AI hallucinations can’t be stopped — but these techniques can limit their damage: Developers have tricks to stop artificial intelligence from making things up, but large language models are still struggling to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. (Nature)

New Superconductive Materials Have Just Been Discovered: Three exotic new species of superconductivity were spotted last year, illustrating the myriad ways electrons can join together to form a frictionless quantum soup. (Wired)

Why America is in an alcohol recession: Last year was a terrible year for the industry. This year, millions of Americans are participating in Dry January — the tradition of abstaining from booze for an entire month. And the alcohol industry is waking up to a nasty hangover. Global data firm IWSR found that the United States’ year-over-year alcohol volumes fell 2.6% in 2023 and 2.8% for the first seven months of 2024; beer volumes declined by 2.9% last year and wine by 4.4%. (The Hustle) see also Cannabis Cocktails Are Growing Quickly, But the Law Might Stop That Soon: THC-infused hemp drinks are all the rage, but legal questions loom. (Businessweek)

The truth about fiction: What distinguishes fiction from nonfiction? The answer to this perennial question relies on how we understand reality itself. (Aeon)

Does One Emotion Rule All Our Ethical Judgments? When prehistoric predators abounded, the ability to perceive harm helped our ancestors survive. Some researchers wonder whether it fuels our greatest fights today. (New Yorker) see also Top 10 tips to avoid ‘Brain rot’ The word of the year is “brain rot”. That says a lot about how we’re feeling as a society. Kind of crazy, but honestly makes all the sense in the world. (Reddit)

How does cosmic inflation fare when put to the ultimate test? Cosmic inflation, proposed back in 1980, is a theory that precedes and sets up the hot Big Bang. After thorough testing, is it still valid? (Big Think)

Twenty Lessons On Tyranny From the Twentieth Century: These lessons are the openings of the twenty chapters of a 2017 book On Tyranny, lightly edited since to account for the Big Lie, the coup attempt, the war in Ukraine, and the risks we face in 2024. The lessons remain the same. (Thinking About…)

The evolution of the NFL quarterback has come to pass — and run: Jayden Daniels (Illustration by Michael Domine/The Washington Post;AP) Jayden Daniels has entered a league in which throwing passes is just half of the expectation for the most important position. (WaPo)

Be sure to check out our Masters in Business interview this weekend with Mike Freno, Chairman and CEO at Barings. The firm is owned by Mass Mutual, and half of its $431 billion in invested assets are from the insurance giant, with the rest coming from institutional investors.

 

The 2024 Sector Quilt

Source: A Wealth of Common Sense

 

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~~~

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MiB: Mike Freno, Barings Chairman and CEO



 

This week, we speak with Mike Freno, Chairman and CEO at Barings. The firm is owned by Mass Mutual, and half of its $431 billion in invested assets are from the insurance giant, with the rest coming from institutional investors.

Over 20 years with the firm, Freno has held various positions including Managing Director, Head of Global High Yield, and Head of Global Markets. He also spent 5 years as the company’s President, overseeing a majority of Barings’ business sectors, including investments, sales, operations and tech. Additionally, Mike served as Chairman of the Board of Barings BDC. Alongside his Chairman and CEO duties, he is a current member of the MassMutual Executive Leadership team. On this episode, Barry and Mike discuss the evolution of the asset management industry, his well-rounded business experience, and what it takes to lead with “confident humility.”

A list of his favorite books is here; A transcript of our conversation is available here Tuesday.

You can stream and download our full conversation, including any podcast extras, on Apple Podcasts, SpotifyYouTube, and Bloomberg. All of our earlier podcasts on your favorite pod hosts can be found here.

Be sure to check out our Masters in Business next week with Torsten Slok, Chief Economist at Apollo Global Management. He continues top publish frequently, including the Daily Spark, and the Apollo Academy. Previously, he was at Deutsche Bank, where he was top-ranked by Institutional Investor in fixed income and equities for 10-years.

 


Favorite Books

 

 

 

 

Books Barry Mentioned

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At The Money: Compounding Health & Wealth



 

 

At the Money: Compounding Health and Wealth, with Phil Pearlman (January 22, 2025)

We understand how wealth compounds over time, but did you know you can also compound your health?

Full transcript below.

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About this week’s guest:

Phil Pearlman, is former Chief Behavioral Officer at the Bank of the Ozarks and founder of the Pearl Institute.

For more info, see:

Personal Bio

Professional Site

Prime Cuts Newsletter

LinkedIn

Twitter

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Find all of the previous At the Money episodes here, and in the MiB feed on Apple PodcastsYouTubeSpotify, and Bloomberg. And find the entire musical playlist of At the Money on Spotify

 

 

 

Transcript:

 

Musical intro: Let’s get physical, physical, I wanna get physical, Let’s get into physical,  Let me hear your body talk, your body talk, Let me hear your body talk

 

We all understand how money compounds over time, but can you compound your health as well? There are surprising parallels between wealth management and health management. We have limited money and we have limited time and we want to generate the greatest return on our resources. I’m Barry Ritholtz. And on today’s edition of At the Money, we’re going to discuss how improving your personal health might even help your investments to help us understand all of this and its implications for your portfolio.

Let’s bring in Phil Pearlman, previously, he served as executive editor at Stocktwits, and he was the chief behavioral officer at Bank of the Ozarks. Today, he runs the Pearl Institute, focusing on personal health and the process of making effective changes.

Parallels between wealth management and health management, what are they?

 Phil Pearlman: If we take the first 50 years of behavioral economics, we go back. And we say 1974 Kahneman and Tversky publish “Heuristics and Biases.” And we take that as sort of the spiritual beginning of the science. We think about what is the primary, what is the one big takeaway so far from behavioral economics?

And it would be this: Humans.  do not always act in their own best interest, that they sometimes make very poor decisions and that those decisions have ramifications for them in the present, and over the long term.

You’re asking me about the parallel between health and wealth management. In health management, personal health management, and how we take care of ourselves, the exact same thing is true. That very often we make decisions that are not in our own best interest when it comes to our health.

Look at the obesity rates and the metabolic health rates among adults in the U.S. today, we can see that obesity is on the rise, diabetes is on the rise, high blood pressure is on the rise.

We’re doing the same thing. This idea, health and wealth management are really just two sides of the same coin. First of all, they, or second of all, they both affect our future selves. And so we want to take care of ourselves for the longterm. And we know that we don’t always make the best decisions.

And so how do we counteract that? What do we do now?

Barry Ritholtz: One of the things always surprises clients when I show them the impact of compounding returns over time, you get some really giant numbers. If you let capital compound uninterrupted for decades. So as long as we’re talking parallels, how does health compound over time?

Phil Pearlman: These two are so similar health and wealth. Personal management that you get a very similar effect. If you’re talking about compounding wealth, compounding interest over time, the curve of that slope increases over time. At first gains are very small. You invest a thousand dollars in the market, and even if the market goes up 15 percent that year, you make 150 bucks. Not bad, but not much. But over time, as you continue to invest and you continue to compound, That curve increases. You begin to make more and more money.

Well, the same exact thing happens in personal health management. We begin taking care of ourselves. Let’s say it’s January, which it is, and you’re listening to this and it’s a great time for us to have this convo, and you decide that you’re going to start getting healthier in 2025. What you do is you start slow; maybe you start walking, maybe you start jogging, maybe you cut out desserts after eight o’clock at night, maybe you stop eating so much pizza.

You start doing a few small things that are moving you in the right direction. The gains at first will be very small, but if you continue to progress – and that word is important this is a progressive enterprise – just like compounding wealth, compounding interest is progressive.

If you continue to progress over months and years. Your health will get better and better at an accelerating rate. And by the way, this is important even in your 50s, even in your 60s.

Barry Ritholtz: Let’s start with the fundamentals. What are the areas, uh, anybody, but investors in particular need to think about in order to become healthier?

Phil Pearlman: I’m glad you’re using the term investors because here’s the thing, if you are an investor and you are saving money and you’re being diligent and you are, uh, you know, spending less than you earn and investing wisely, you are really thinking about your future self. You’re really thinking about yourself 10 or 15 or 20 years from now.

The same is true with your health. If you begin to act in a wise manner towards your health. So where do you begin? Well, for me, I like to really simplify it. And I like to think about it in terms of elements of health, the same way the Greeks and the Egyptians thought about four elements of the physical universe: Earth, wind, fire, water. There are four elements of good health, and those four elements are nutrition, what we put into our bodies, and body movement. We’re bipeds, we were born to move, sleep and rest, how we allow ourselves to recover over time. And fourth, the surprising one is love and social relationships.

Barry Ritholtz: Let’s take a look at a few of those. How important is exercise and moving your body?

Phil Pearlman: Exercise is crazy important because it affects all of these, these, these four elements are like the corners of a square. And when you are Prioritizing these consistently over time, they all affect each other.

You change one angle of a square, all the other angles are affected. And so, uh, our body movement  affects our metabolic health.  and that affects how we feel, how we perform our stamina, our ability to bounce back when we have setbacks, whether those are physical or emotional.  And really there’s three areas.

There is our breathing and how efficient we are at taking an oxygen – that’s aerobic health. And then there’s anaerobic, which really relates to our muscles and our bone density. And we know for a fact that as our breathing efficiency and our muscle mass and our bone density increase and improve, we have a tendency of, uh, as humans to live longer, our all cause mortality, which is really just a fancy term for what the probability is for how soon we’re going to die.

That all-cause mortality decreases. So we stand a chance, a better chance of living longer and staying healthier longer. As we improve those three areas, how good we, how well we breathe, our bone density and our muscles.

Barry Ritholtz: You know, I’m a car guy. There are certain fuels I will only use for certain cars. I want the highest octane. I want the highest quality to put in. How important is our fuel? How important is our fuel for what we put in our bodies?

Phil Pearlman: This one is so important. And that analogy is so perfect.

The better the fuel That we put into the only body we are ever issued on this earth, whether you believe in God or not, whether you believe in evolution, whatever your reasoning is –  only body we ever get,  the better you fuel it with the better, the better quality of foods and beverages that you put into your body, the better your body will function.

And that goes for the energy component. Which is what that analogy is with the octane of gasoline. And it also goes for the building blocks or the protein component. So higher quality protein, higher quality fats and carbohydrates.

Barry Ritholtz: Let’s talk a little bit about emotions and stress and psychological outlook.

What do these various health benefits do to help us not get ground down by the regular ups and downs of the market? How can we maintain a healthy outlook and a stable perspective on what’s going on around us?

Phil Pearlman: Our level of metabolic health affects our experience in the world and our experience on the world. We know for a fact that the healthier we get, The better we function socially and emotionally. From an emotional point of view, the greater stress tolerance we have. So the more we’re able to contain the more emotional control and regulation. So we all feel things, but our ability to take whatever we’re feeling and sort of maintain control over that and not have it affect us as much.

Take a baby: That would be like the ultimate example. One little thing happens, and they begin to cry and the next minute they’re laughing and smiling. The less healthy we are, the more we get like that. The more emotional volatility we have by improving our metabolic health, the greater control that we have over the behavioral experience related to whatever emotions were explicit attack.

The healthier we get, the more contentment we tend to experience. As an aside, we become happier people. We are less depressed. We know for a fact, we know from years of research that healthier people tend to be less depressed.

Barry Ritholtz: Many of our listeners are probably familiar with the Harvard study of adult development, I think they’ve been doing that for 85 years, tracking all these people across their lifespan. One of the things they discuss, uh, as a benefit of a healthier lifestyle is improved cognitive functioning. Talk a little bit about that and what it means for people’s decision-making.

Phil Pearlman: I’m one of those guys, Barry, who believes that there’s no separation between body and mind. In fact, no separation between body, mind, and spirit. You could write body, mind, spirit, all is one word, all the letters together. The fancy philosophical term for it is a “monist” — as opposed to a “dualist” or a “pluralist.”  Mind and body and spirit are all one.

And so the Harvard study is a fantastic example because, uh, what we find is that the healthier we get. And the more that we exercise, the better our brain gets. And that’s really a monist way. That’s really a mind-body is all one way of looking at the world that we take one area of our mind, body, spirit, and improve it over here.

We just start exercising more, and we get a little bit more, you know, we sweat more times a week, and our brain actually improves. Our brain is part of our physical body. Just like our bicep is a part of our physical body.

That study, we were talking a little bit earlier about how surprisingly our social relations and love is also an incredibly important factor in our health and well being, and in our longevity and in our health span – how healthy we stay over a longer period of time.

Those guys, Watergore et al, really emphasized that. They found that as well exercise affecting our cognitive functioning, they found that our social relations and love affected our health span, how long we stayed healthy.

Barry Ritholtz: My last question, when is it too late to think about getting healthy?

Phil Pearlman: It’s almost never too late. You can be in your sixties or seventies, the earlier, the better. It’s just like going back to the compound interest in the compounding wealth. The earlier you start investing, the earlier you start dollar cost averaging every month for the rest of your life, the better.

However, if you’re 50 or 55 or 60 or 65, it is absolutely not too late.

As a matter of fact, I really didn’t start getting healthy until I was in my late forties / early fifties. And now here I am at 57, and I could run a half marathon faster today than I could five years ago.  And so it’s never too late to begin.

You can start anywhere and you could start small. You don’t have to say, “Hey, I’m going to go run a half marathon,” or, “Hey, I’m going to cut out every bad food that I’ve ever eaten.” You could just say, “Hey, I’m going to start with a walk.” Or I’m going to start by cutting down on the drinking or one thing.

That becomes a gateway drug. Once you start feeling a little bit better from a behavioral point of view, that’s a reward. And you’re like, “Hey, I want a little bit more of this. I want more rewards. I want to feel even better.” You could compound your health over many, many years, well, into your later years.

Barry Ritholtz: Wealth management and health management are kind of parallel. The advantages of making little improvements over time add up and ultimately lead to much better results, and in a way that leaves you much happier.

I’m Barry Ritholtz and you’re listening to Bloomberg’s at the money.

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