Bryan McGovern of Benefits Canada reports Canada’s largest pension funds joining Australian peers to increase investments in both countries:

Canada’s largest pension funds are joining an initiative that aims to boost pension investments between Canada and Australia.

The Canadian-Australian Pension Funds Investment Initiative, announced Wednesday during Prime Minister Mark Carney’s visit to Australia, will create a framework for pension funds in the two countries to discuss policy barriers and associated solutions to improve the current business environment.

The agreement includes participation from the Alberta Investment Management Corp., the British Columbia Investment Management Corp., the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, CPP Investments, the Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan, the Investment Management Corp. of Ontario, the Ontario Municipal Employees’ Retirement System, the Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan and the Public Sector Pension Investment Board.

The participating Australian pension funds include the Australian Retirement Trust, AustralianSuper, Aware Super, CareSuper, the Construction and Building Unions Superannuation, HESTA, Hostplus and the Retail Employees Superannuation.

“We seek to contribute our experience, knowledge and relationships to the mutual benefit of CAP Invest Initiative participants, as this initiative upholds constructive engagement that will help support stable, investable markets over the long run,” John Graham, president and chief executive officer at CPP Investments, said in a press release.

The deal, which was facilitated by IFM Investors, will also require building awareness of investment models that leverage the expertise of long-term and reliable pension capital investors, according to a press release.

“I’m proud of the strong relationships our team has built in Australia and excited about the role we can continue to play through this initiative,” Deborah Orida, president and CEO at PSP Investments, said in a statement. “For more than a decade, Australia has been an important market for us.”This agreement will build the natural partnership between the two countries and putting long-term pension capital to work in both countries, said Ken Luce, executive director Canada at IFM Investors, in an emailed statement to Benefits Canada.

“Both countries have world-leading pension systems and stable, open economies. There’s a real opportunity to deepen collaboration, address barriers where they exist and make it even easier to invest long term in opportunities that benefit working and retired Canadians and Australians alike.” 

Freschia Gonzalez of Benefits and Pensions Monitor also reports Canada and Australia pensions strike first-of-its-kind cross-border investment pact:

Canada and Australia are tying together two of the world’s largest retirement systems through a new investment pact that aims to push more pension capital into both markets. 

More than a dozen Canadian and Australian pension giants have entered a first-of-its-kind memorandum of understanding (MOU) under the Canadian-Australian Pension Funds Investment Initiative (CAP Invest Initiative). 

CPP Investments said the initiative asks leading pension investors to make a voluntary commitment “to facilitate dialogue on investment environments and policy barriers to generate solutions that unlock greater opportunities for value creation.” 

Bloomberg reports that the MOU was announced in Sydney during Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney’s visit to Australia and is the first agreement between the two pension systems.  

Under the arrangement, funds will cooperate to channel more pension capital into opportunities in both markets, according to a statement from eight of Australia’s largest pension funds cited by Bloomberg. 

Signatories include AustralianSuper, which manages A$410bn (US$289bn), and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, with $781bn (US$571bn) in assets, along with eight other major Canadian funds. 

Canada operates the world’s second-largest pension system, while Australia’s A$4.5tn pool is No. 4, and Canada’s system is forecast to reach $8tn while Australia’s is projected to swell to A$11tn by 2040, according to the same statement cited by Bloomberg. 

CPP Investments said the CAP Invest Initiative “fosters collaboration among participating pension and investment funds in Canada and Australia, with millions of contributors and beneficiaries in both countries.”  

While tailored to these markets, the underlying practices “such as structured engagement, identification of opportunities and shared learnings, are the same disciplines that support success across other regions where CPP Investments operates.”  

The organisation added that continuing to build strategic relationships between participants aligns with its commercial activities internationally. 

CPP Investments president and CEO John Graham said the fund will use its experience, knowledge and relationships to contribute to the CAP Invest Initiative.  

He described CPP Investments as “an established global investor” and said the initiative aims to support stable, investable markets over the long term.  

Bloomberg reports that Carney’s government is seeking funding for large-scale infrastructure projects — including ports, rail and pipelines — as Canada looks to cushion its economy against US President Donald Trump’s protectionist policies, and that the Canadian leader has toured the globe in recent months searching for capital to help fund those ambitions.  

The new agreement is “underscoring support for ongoing cooperation between Canada and Australia in the interest of mutual value creation,” CPP Investments said in a separate statement, as cited by Bloomberg. 

Australian funds, supported by mandatory retirement contributions set at the equivalent of 12 percent of wages, are steadily increasing offshore investments, with roughly half of the country’s pension assets invested abroad and that share expected to rise as managers pursue larger deals.  

The Australian funds’ statement said there is “fertile ground” for investment between Canada and Australia and that the agreement will facilitate dialogue with governments on policy barriers to improve the business environment for investment.  

The MOU will “unlock greater long term capital for private investment on behalf of millions of working and retired people,” the statement added, according to Bloomberg. 

Through its participation in the CAP Invest Initiative, CPP Investments said it supports a collaborative framework for information-sharing among partners that “enhances collective learning and contributes to the prudent deployment of patient capital, in the ultimate service of delivering strong returns for CPP contributors and beneficiaries.”   

Darcy Song of Top1000Funds also reports infrastructure at the heart of Canada-Australia pension fund pact:

A group of major Canadian pension funds, including the Maple 8, has entered a high-powered memorandum of understanding with top Australian superannuation funds to lobby for policy changes that would help fast-track investments in both countries.

The deal, brokered by industry super fund-owned asset manager IFM Investors and known as the Canadian-Australian Pension Funds Investment Initiative (CAP Invest Initiative), is a first-of-its-kind deal between two of the world’s largest pension markets which are expected to manage $13.9 trillion in fiduciary capital by 2040 collectively.

The announcement came as Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney began his four-day diplomatic visit to Australia in Sydney this Tuesday with the aim of bolstering the connection between the two so-called ‘middle power’ countries.

He attended a breakfast event hosted by IFM Investors in Sydney on Wednesday morning alongside Canadian Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne, Australian Minister for Financial Services Daniel Mulino, as well as a slew of Australian and Canadian pension fund executives who have signed the MoU.

While the agreement does not commit to a specific dollar amount to be deployed by the pension funds in both nations, with IFM Investors chair Cath Bowtell characterising it as a “MoU for partnership”, enabling infrastructure investments in both nations will be a significant focus of the deal.

“Our job through this partnership is to really look at the frictions that are prohibiting us from making those deployments, and see whether we can work with governments at the national and sub-national level to eliminate those frictions,” Bowtell said at a press conference in Sydney.

IFM has been speaking about the need to unlock private-public partnerships for some time, including at last year’s Top1000funds.com Fiduciary Investors Symposium at Stanford (See Public-private partnerships key to fixing US infrastructure).

Funds in both systems are major sources of capital for real assets around the world. Canadian pension funds are known for having significantly diversified private markets exposures enabled by the famous “Canadian model” which emphasises independent governance and large-scale, in-house investment management.

Australian pension funds have invested heavily in Australian infrastructure since the 1990s as the government privatised transport, utilities and telecommunications assets, making them an early mover in the asset class.

Australian and Canadian pension funds are among the largest allocators to infrastructure globally with the average fund in Australia allocating 6.8 per cent and those in Canada allocating 10.1 per cent, according to a Macquarie Asset Management report – well above investors in other countries.

“We seek to contribute our experience, knowledge and relationships to the mutual benefit of CAP Invest Initiative participants, as this initiative upholds constructive engagement that will help support stable, investable markets over the long run,” John Graham, president and chief executive of CPP Investments, said about the partnership.

Setting the policy agenda

As savings flow into Australia’s A$4.1 trillion ($2.8 trillion) defined contribution system, super funds are seeking opportunities in deeper overseas markets such as the US and the UK. This means they have both a collaborative and competitive relationship with their global peers which are often much larger in size, especially around sourcing and accessing deals.

AustralianSuper is the biggest fund in Australia with A$410 billion ($294 billion) in assets under management, and large offices in both New York and London. The fund is projected to grow to A$700 billion by 2030 and A$1 trillion not long after. It is expected that 70 per cent of new flows will be invested offshore. (See Behind AustralianSuper’s global expansion)

A delegation of super fund executives and lobbyists embarked on a soft power mission to Washington and New York last February, and are being hosted by Australian Ambassador to the US Kevin Rudd in Silicon Valley, New York and Washington next week, to foster greater relationships with US investment partners. US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent remarked to the super funds that “the confidence you have in the growth is not what one might expect for Australia”.

IFM Investors is a crucial vehicle of super funds’ push for global influence due to its ownership structure and significant mandates with global asset owners. Most recently, NEST, the UK’s largest defined contribution fund, became a shareholder of IFM and committed to invest £5 billion through IFM Investors by 2030. (Inside Nest’s serendipitous deal for IFM stake.)

IFM Investors’ head of global external relations David Whiteley previously said Australian funds must take a collective approach to compete effectively with giant pension funds in North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia for better access to global investment opportunities.

The infrastructure manager’s UK leaders include former Labour Member of Parliament and Shadow Minister of State for Pensions Gregg McClymont.

In 2024, IFM Investors made a move to influence policymaking in a foreign country, leading a consortium of pension funds in pressuring the UK government to unclog its stagnant pipeline of infrastructure deals, especially around energy transition.

Meanwhile, former president and CEO of CPP Investments and former chair of AIMCo, Mark Wiseman, is now the Canadian Ambassador to the US.

Canadian funds that signed up to the CAP Invest Initiative include AIMCo, BCI, La Caisse, CPP Investments, HOOPP, IMCO, OMERS, OTPP and PSP Investments. On the Australian side, the signatories are Australian Retirement Trust, AustralianSuper, Aware Super, CareSuper, Cbus Super, HESTA, Hostplus and Rest, as well as IFM Investors. 

On Wednesday, CPP Investments issued this press release stating it has entered the CAP Invest Initiative Memorandum of Understanding:

Toronto, ON (March 3, 2026) – Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments) today announced it has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) under the Canadian-Australian Pension Funds Investment Initiative (CAP Invest Initiative), underscoring support for ongoing cooperation between Canada and Australia in the interest of mutual value creation.

The CAP Invest Initiative defines a voluntary commitment among leading pension investors to facilitate dialogue on investment environments and policy barriers to generate solutions that unlock greater opportunities for value creation.

The CAP Invest Initiative fosters collaboration among participating pension and investment funds in Canada and Australia, with millions of contributors and beneficiaries in both countries. While tailored to these two markets, the underlying practices such as structured engagement, identification of opportunities and shared learnings, are the same disciplines that support success across other regions where CPP Investments operates. Continuing to build strategic relationships between the participants of the CAP Invest Initiative aligns with CPP Investments’ commercial activities internationally.

“CPP Investments is an established global investor with a strong track record of deploying significant, patient capital into high-quality, economically productive assets. We seek to contribute our experience, knowledge and relationships to the mutual benefit of CAP Invest Initiative participants, as this initiative upholds constructive engagement that will help support stable, investable markets over the long run,” said John Graham, President & CEO, CPP Investments.

Through participation in the CAP Invest Initiative, CPP Investments supports a collaborative framework for information-sharing among partners that enhances collective learning and contributes to the prudent deployment of patient capital, in the ultimate service of delivering strong returns for CPP contributors and beneficiaries.

For its part, PSP Investments issued this press release on the CAP Invest Initiative Memorandum of Understanding:

Montréal, Canada (March 3, 2026) — The Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments) today announced it has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) under the Canadian–Australian Pension Funds Investment Initiative (CAP Invest Initiative), marking PSP Investments’ participation in a voluntary framework that strengthens collaboration between Canadian and Australian long-term pension investors.

The CAP Invest Initiative was launched today by leaders of some of the largest pension investors in Australia and Canada, in the presence of Prime Minister Mark Carney, the Canadian Minister of Finance and National Revenue, François-Philippe Champagne, and the Assistant Treasurer of Australia, Daniel Mulino. It aims to facilitate dialogue with governments on policy barriers and associated solutions to improve the business environment for investment in each jurisdiction. This collaboration will unlock greater long-term capital for private investment on behalf of millions of working and retired people in both countries.

The CAP Invest Initiative reflects the natural alignment between Canada and Australia. With a shared heritage, open and resource-rich economies, strong credit worthiness, and reliable and transparent legal institutions, PSP Investments believes there is fertile ground to bolster opportunities for investment between Canada and Australia.

“I’m proud of the strong relationships our team has built in Australia and excited about the role we can continue to play through this initiative,” said Deborah Orida, President and Chief Executive Officer of PSP Investments. “For more than a decade, Australia has been an important market for us. This Memorandum of Understanding strengthens cooperation among like-minded long-term investors and helps create the conditions for durable value and essential infrastructure that supports people and communities.”

Through the MoU, signatories also commit to building awareness of investment models that leverage the expertise of long-term and reliable pension capital with the objective of delivering risk-adjusted returns for working and retired people and value for investee companies.

Alright, big pension news to cap Prime Minister Mark Carney's successful visit to Australia.

So what is this Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) under the Canadian–Australian Pension Funds Investment Initiative (CAP Invest Initiative) all about?

Basically, it's a framework where Canada's largest pension funds (Maple 8 + IMCO) and Australia's largest pension funds will collaborate and exchange ideas to strengthen their pension systems and engage policymakers on what investable opportunities they are looking to invest in.

That's the broad picture. In essence, I agree with the article above that this is all about unlocking opportunities in infrastructure so Canada and Australia's largest pension funds can invest.

Keep in mind, Canada's largest pension funds already invest billions in Australia, mostly in infrastructure but also in real estate, natural resources (where PSP Investments and OTPP have a significant portfolio) and elsewhere.

In fact, Australia is way ahead of Canada in terms of creating the right opportunities for foreign investors to invest in infrastructure and other real assets and we can learn a lot from them.

Again, all of Canada's large pension funds have significant investments in Australia and even issue bonds denominated in Australian dollars, the same cannot be said of Australian pension funds investing in Canada.

Where will the CAP Invest Initiative head and who will nurture it and communicate with stakeholders?

I have no idea, it's all based on voluntary participation, there are no fixed targets, nobody "owns" it but it's clear there will be political pressure on both sides to continue the dialogue and share ideas/ build collaboration.

Alright, that's it from me, my week off turned out to be more work than I wanted (the drawback of being a one-person operation).

Below, Prime Minister Mark Carney delivers a speech to Australia's parliament in Canberra, the second Canadian prime minister to do so in the last 20 years.

Great speech, take the time to listen to it. 

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Resources for Algebra PDFs

Algebra PDFs‚ like UCLA’s Linear Algebra Midterm II solutions and “Chapter 0” textbooks‚ offer foundational practice and advanced problem-solving techniques.

UCLA Linear Algebra Midterm II Solutions

UCLA’s Linear Algebra Midterm II Solutions represent a valuable resource for students seeking to deepen their understanding of core algebraic concepts. This PDF document provides detailed‚ step-by-step solutions to a comprehensive set of problems covering topics typically found in a second midterm exam for a university-level linear algebra course.

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Convergence of Solutions of Bilateral Problems

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Utilizing PDFs for Effective Learning

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Practice Problems: Building Proficiency

Algebra Question & Answer PDFs aren’t just about seeing solutions; they’re fundamentally about practice. The inclusion of numerous problems – some documents contain upwards of 100 – allows students to actively engage with the material and solidify their understanding. Repeated exposure to diverse problem types is key to building proficiency.

These PDFs often present a range of difficulty levels‚ starting with simpler exercises and progressing to more complex scenarios involving radicals‚ fractions‚ and exponents. This gradual increase in challenge helps students build confidence and develop their problem-solving skills incrementally.

Consistent practice‚ coupled with reviewing the step-by-step solutions‚ enables students to internalize algebraic concepts and recognize patterns. This ultimately leads to faster and more accurate problem-solving abilities‚ preparing them for more advanced mathematical studies.

Identifying Common Mistakes

Algebra Question & Answer PDFs are invaluable tools for pinpointing frequent errors. By meticulously reviewing solved problems‚ students can identify areas where they consistently stumble. Often‚ mistakes stem from simple arithmetic errors‚ incorrect application of formulas‚ or misunderstandings of fundamental algebraic principles.

The detailed solutions provided within these PDFs allow for a comparative analysis – students can directly compare their own work with the correct approach‚ highlighting discrepancies. Recognizing these patterns of errors is crucial for targeted improvement.

Furthermore‚ studying solved problems exposes students to common pitfalls related to radicals‚ fractions‚ and exponents. This proactive approach to error identification fosters a deeper understanding and prevents the repetition of mistakes in future problem-solving endeavors.

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Key takeaways

• EPI’s updated Family Budget Calculator shows how much income it takes to afford basic expenses in every metro area and county across the United States in 2025.
• The Family Budget Calculator can be used to assess a living wage level and shows that states like Oklahoma need a higher minimum wage. The state’s minimum wage falls short by over $12 an hour in meeting a one-person budget in the state’s lowest cost county.
• Voters in Oklahoma will have the chance to raise their state’s minimum wage this summer, which will help low-wage workers better achieve a decent standard of living.
• As of 2025, there is no county or metro area in the country where a minimum-wage worker is paid enough to meet the requirements of their local family budget on their wages alone.

Now updated with 2025 data, EPI’s widely cited Family Budget Calculator (FBC) shows what it takes to make ends meet for different family types in all counties and metro areas in the United States. For more than 20 years, we have calculated family budgets for basic expenses like housing, food, health care, child care, transportation, other necessities, and taxes. In doing so, we create a more location-specific and realistic assessment of cost of living than traditional poverty thresholds.

We use government-provided data where possible and stay up to date with changes in policy and data availability. Because of this, and due to related changes in methodology, we don’t recommend comparing budgets over time. For more details on the construction of EPI’s family budgets and all of the datasets we use, see the full methodology. For a video tutorial on how to use the FBC, see here. The full dataset is downloadable here.

Example case: Most and least expensive metro areas in Oklahoma

Using family budgets in Oklahoma as an example, Figure A compares each budget component for one-parent, one-child and two-parent, two-child families in the state’s least expensive (Fort Smith) and most expensive (Tulsa) metro areas. Technically, the city of Fort Smith is located in Arkansas, but the metro area crosses into Oklahoma.

Costs for a one-parent, one-child family budget vary from $61,928 in Fort Smith to $73,678 in Tulsa, with housing and transportation being two of the largest costs. In areas with limited access to public transit, the costs of buying, maintaining, and driving a car can be a large burden.

Food, health care, and child care are considerably more expensive for larger families. For a two-parent, two-child family, the total cost of affording a basic standard of living ranges from $87,994 in Fort Smith to $103,642 in Tulsa. The largest difference between Fort Smith and Tulsa is the cost of child care, which is 50% more expensive in Tulsa.

Figure A The Family Budget Calculator can be used to calculate living wages

The FBC has been cited by living-wage advocates, private employers, academics, and policymakers who are looking for comprehensive measures of economic security. EPI’s family budget tool is also frequently used to gauge the adequacy of labor earnings, and we are often asked how to construct a living-wage standard from our family budget numbers. Doing so requires making choices and assumptions about how a family’s needs could or should be met that will result in different “living wage” values. For instance, health care expenses could be covered primarily by families, employers, or public programs (such as Medicare or through premium subsidies in the health insurance marketplace). We provide a user’s guide to translate our FBC data into living wages.

The FBC can be used to roughly calculate the hourly wage necessary to meet a family budget through labor market income alone. For a full-time, year-round worker providing for themselves and their family, we simply divide the required budget by 2,080 (40 hours a week multiplied by 52 weeks a year) to get an hourly wage equivalent. The full dataset of living wage options is downloadable here.

Example case: McIntosh County

McIntosh County—located in Muscogee (Creek) Tribal Jurisdiction—is the lowest cost county in Oklahoma for single adult households. Figure B shows that a full-time, year-round adult worker without children would need to be paid $19.99 per hour to meet the requirements of their $41,577 budget to attain a modest yet adequate standard of living. The current minimum wage in Oklahoma—$7.25 an hour—falls short by $12.74 per hour, or $26,500 annually. In other words, minimum wage workers are paid less than 40% of what they need to afford to live, even in the least expensive county in Oklahoma.

One common benchmark for setting living wages is that an adult working full time should be able to support themselves and one child. In McIntosh County, a worker with one child would need to be paid $30.99 per hour to afford an annual budget of $64,456. This means that Oklahoma’s current minimum wage is $23.74 per hour lower than a living wage, or almost $49,400 annually.

These basic calculations assume that all income comes from wages, but wages are not the only resource available to families. If an employer offers health insurance or the state subsidizes child care, the wage needed to meet a basic family budget would be reduced, as shown in Figure B. Conversely, if reasonable savings for retirement, college, or emergencies are considered critical budget items, then the living wage required would be even greater.

Figure B Oklahoma needs a higher minimum wage

Our Family Budget Calculator highlights the need for a higher minimum wage in Oklahoma. The state still follows the dismally low federal minimum wage, which Congress has not updated since 2009 despite 44.1% cumulative inflation since then. At $7.25 per hour, the federal minimum wage is not high enough to keep workers out of poverty, much less provide a modest yet adequate standard of living.

It’s time for Oklahoma to pass a minimum wage increase that can support workers and their families across the state, and residents are ready for the change. In 2024, more than 157,000 Oklahomans signed a petition to request a statewide election to vote on whether to raise the state’s minimum wage. Although organizers collected enough signatures well before the deadline to be placed on the November 2024 ballot, a lengthy certification process delayed State Question (SQ) 832’s approval. In September 2024, Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt delayed the vote by nearly two years and scheduled it for June 2026.

If voters pass the measure this summer, SQ 832 will increase the minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2029, starting with an increase to $12 per hour in 2027. The legislation also mandates annual inflation adjustments starting in 2030 and extends the wage floor to historically excluded categories of workers such as tipped workers, farmworkers, part-time employees, domestic workers, and feed store employees.

According to EPI’s 2024 estimates, this higher minimum wage would benefit 320,000 Oklahoman workers (directly benefiting the more than 200,000 Oklahomans who are paid less than $15 per hour and indirectly boosting wages for another 119,000 workers.) Low-wage workers are not just teenagers working fast-food jobs on the weekends; nearly 82% of affected workers are age 20 or older and more than half (51.3%) are working full time. Women in particular are more likely to work at or near the minimum wage, making up almost two-thirds (62.9%) of affected workers.

Workers of color are also disproportionately more likely than white workers to work low-wage jobs: while they make up about one-third (34.8%) of the Oklahoma workforce, they are nearly half of the affected workforce (48.7%). This disparity is the outcome of decades of violence and discrimination. For example, the destruction of Tulsa’s Black Wall Street brought an end to a vital center for Black economic advancement. Higher wages, alongside strong nondiscrimination laws, are necessary to rectify this inequality.

Oklahoma is one of the country’s poorest states, with one in seven residents (14.9%) living in poverty and nearly one in five (18.9%) children living at or below the federal poverty line. Passing SQ 832 and raising the minimum wage would alleviate poverty, help workers and their families, and boost Oklahoma’s economy. Without it, many Oklahomans will continue to struggle to afford basic necessities as costs of living grow.

But it’s not just Oklahoma—the Family Budget Calculator shows that nowhere in the country can a minimum-wage worker meet the requirements of their local family budget on their wages alone. Raising wages is a critical, but often overlooked, component of solving the affordability crisis. EPI’s Family Budget Calculator is a vital tool for understanding the wages and resources that are needed for families to afford the true cost of living across the United States.

Tyler Choi of Sustainable Biz reports Brookfield, BCI, Norges to launch Northview Energy:

Brookfield Asset Management, British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (BCI) and the manager of Norway’s sovereign wealth fund have joined forces to create a renewables company named Northview Energy, which could acquire over $1 billion of assets (all figures US unless otherwise noted) in future deals.

Scheduled to launch in Q2 and valued at approximately $2.6 billion, Northview is described as a private firm that will acquire and own a diversified portfolio of contracted, operating renewable assets in the U.S. and Canada. Northview is expected to acquire a seed portfolio of assets from companies managed by Brookfield, such as U.S. companies Deriva Energy and Scout Clean Energy.

The seed portfolio, Brookfield said in a release, is to comprise 22 contracted utility-scale solar and onshore wind installations in markets “experiencing strong energy demand growth across the U.S.”

The projects total approximately 2.3 gigawatts (GW) of operating capacity and are newly operational, according to Brookfield. Norges Bank, Norway's central bank which manages the country's sovereign wealth fund, said the 22 projects are made up of 17 solar facilities and five onshore wind farms across 11 states.

The assets are backed by long-term power purchase agreements with investment grade counterparties, with a weighted average remaining term of approximately 16 years.

Sustainable Biz Canada has reached out to Brookfield for additional comment. Brookfield replied but provided no details.

Equal ownership in Northview

The three parties behind Northview signed the agreement for the company on Feb. 25, Norges Bank said.

Northview has also entered into a framework agreement for potential future acquisitions of renewable assets from Brookfield-managed portfolio companies in the U.S. and Canada, representing up to $1.5 billion of equity capital.

“This partnership marks the creation of a scalable platform for Brookfield and our partners,” Jehangir Vevaina, chief investment officer of Brookfield’s renewable power and transition group, said in the announcement.

“Northview Energy will be an owner of high-quality operating assets that deliver affordable and clean power to the grid and the framework for future acquisitions provides a clear growth pathway for the vehicle to add de-risked, high-quality, cash-yielding assets delivering strong returns.”

Brookfield, BCI and Norges Bank Investment Management will share customary governance rights for Northview, and will equally fund and own the company.

Future acquisitions are expected to focus on de-risked operating assets, such as onshore wind, utility-scale solar and battery storage.

“Northview is a highly strategic addition to our infrastructure portfolio, bringing together de‑risked renewable energy assets, long‑term contracted revenues, and a clear path for growth alongside like-minded, high‑calibre partners," Lincoln Webb, the executive vice-president and global head of infrastructure and renewable resources at BCI, said in the announcement.

Despite regulatory pressures on the renewables sector in the U.S., clean energy infrastructure continues to be developed. Much of the rising demand for electricity in 2027 will "will be met by growth in generation from renewable sources of energy," the U.S. Energy Information Administration said in a February report.

The Canadian Renewables Association expects 2026 "to set a pace for steady growth that will continue into the next decade and beyond." The industry organization anticipates eight GW of new renewables capacity by 2029.

The three owners of Northview

Based in New York but majority owned by Toronto's Brookfield Corporation, Brookfield Asset Management has over $1 trillion of assets under management across the renewables, infrastructure, private equity, real estate and credit sectors.

In its 2024 sustainability report, the latest to date, the company reported its target to reach net-zero across its operationally managed investments by 2050 or sooner. It also highlighted commissioning approximately 15 GW of clean energy capacity since 2022 and raising over $37 billion in its transition business.

Based in Victoria, BCI is an institutional investor with C$295 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2025. BCI’s Infrastructure & Renewable Resources program is a diversified portfolio valued at C$32.2 billion as of March 31, 2025. The program has assets located around the world including the U.S., emerging markets and Canada.

Norges Bank manages the Norwegian government’s pension fund, the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund valued at approximately $2.1 trillion. As part of its 2025 climate action plan, the pension fund increased its renewable energy infrastructure portfolio to almost $8.7 billion.

Northview “marks our first investment in North America and an important step in diversifying our renewable energy infrastructure portfolio,” Harald von Heyden, global head of energy and infrastructure at Norges Bank, said. 

Earlier today, BCI issued a press release on the deal with Brookflied and NBIM to launch Northview Energy:

new renewable energy platform anchored with high-quality, contracted, utility scale solar and onshore wind assets

All amounts are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated

VICTORIA, OSLO and NEW YORK — British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (“BCI”), Norges Bank Investment Management and Brookfield today announced the launch of Northview Energy (the “Company” or “Northview”), a privately held renewable energy company that will acquire and own a diversified portfolio of contracted, operating renewable assets in the U.S. and Canada.

Northview Energy will be equally funded and owned by the three investors. The Company will acquire a seed portfolio of assets from leading renewable energy companies currently managed by Brookfield, including assets from Deriva Energy, Scout Clean Energy and Urban Grid.

Northview offers a highly de-risked, stable cash flow profile, generating predictable income with strong downside protection, and resilience across market cycles. The seed portfolio is comprised of 22 contracted, high-quality utility scale solar and onshore wind assets in power markets experiencing strong energy demand growth across the U.S. The assets are newly operational and represent approximately 2.3 gigawatts of operating capacity diversified across six power markets. All assets are backed by long-term power purchase agreements with investment grade counterparties, with a weighted average remaining term of approximately 16 years.

BCI, Norges Bank Investment Management and Brookfield will share customary governance rights and a dedicated management team will be appointed to lead the Company.

Northview has also entered into a Framework Agreement for potential future acquisitions of renewable assets from Brookfield-managed portfolio companies in the U.S. and Canada representing up to $1.5 billion of equity capital.

Future acquisitions are expected to focus on de-risked operating assets, including onshore wind, utility scale solar and battery storage, generating stable and predictable cash flows under long-term contracts with investment grade counterparties. Any future acquisitions made by Northview will be subject to the prior approval of BCI, Norges Bank Investment Management and Brookfield, with each party contributing pro rata to fund acquisitions.

Lincoln Webb, Executive Vice President & Global Head, Infrastructure & Renewable Resources at BCI, said: “Northview is a highly strategic addition to our infrastructure portfolio, bringing together de‑risked renewable energy assets, long‑term contracted revenues, and a clear path for growth alongside likeminded, high‑calibre partners. With a diversified portfolio of new solar and wind projects serving an established base of premium clients, the platform is designed to be resilient in an evolving energy landscape.”

Harald von Heyden, Global Head of Energy and Infrastructure at Norges Bank Investment Management, said: “This marks our first investment in North America and an important step in diversifying our renewable energy infrastructure portfolio. We are pleased to partner with Brookfield and BCI as we seek to capture compelling opportunities in one of the world’s largest renewable energy markets.”

Jehangir Vevaina, Chief Investment Officer for Brookfield’s Renewable Power & Transition group, said: “This partnership marks the creation of a scalable platform for Brookfield and our partners. Northview Energy will be an owner of high-quality operating assets that deliver affordable and clean power to the grid and the framework for future acquisitions provides a clear growth pathway for the vehicle to add de-risked, high-quality, cash yielding assets delivering strong returns.”

Subject to the receipt of required approvals and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, Northview Energy is expected to officially launch during the second quarter of 2026 under the ownership of BCI, Norges Bank Investment Management and Brookfield. More information about the company can be found at www.northviewenergy.com.

TD Securities acted as exclusive financial advisor to Brookfield on the sale of the seed portfolio and commitment for future acquisitions.

 Brookfield issued the same press release here.

NBIM issued this press release on the deal:

The agreement was signed on 25 February 2026.

Norges Bank Investment Management will pay approximately USD 425 million for its 33.3 percent interest in the portfolio, valuing the total enterprise at approximately USD 2.6 billion. The investment is made alongside British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (BCI) and Brookfield, with each partner holding an equal ownership stake.

"This marks our first investment in North America and an important step in diversifying our renewable energy infrastructure portfolio. We are pleased to partner with Brookfield and BCI as we seek to capture compelling opportunities in one of the world's largest renewable energy markets," says Harald von Heyden, Global Head of Energy and Infrastructure at Norges Bank Investment Management.

The portfolio comprises 22 operating assets totalling approximately 2.3 GW of capacity, including 17 utility-scale solar facilities and 5 onshore wind farms across 11 states and six power markets.

[1] Norges Bank Investment Management is the fund management division of Norges Bank. All unlisted (or direct) investments in real estate and renewable energy infrastructure are made and managed by subsidiary structures set up by Norges Bank.

Alright, week off in Quebec but this is a huge deal which I need to cover quickly.

I would invite my readers to learn more about Northview Energy here.

A quick overview of the company:

The supplier of choice for the organizations and enterprises that power the world economy forward. Created to meet the growing demand for reliable, large-scale renewable energy solutions from enterprise customers. Operating across North America with multiple owned and operated renewable sources, backed by long-term institutional capital. Improving life through energy. 

Our clean energy assets are newly developed and operational, built to the highest standards and generating power in as little as 6 months from standing start. 

Existing enterprise clients and organizations already take 99% of current renewable energy capacity, with significant demand for more. 

We have a roadmap of planned expansion across energy types and locations to grow our footprint and capacity across North America.

Valued at approximately US$2.6 billion, Northview will commence operations in Q2 and is expected to acquire a seed portfolio of assets from companies managed by Brookfield, such as US companies Deriva Energy and Scout Clean Energy.

From the first article: 

The seed portfolio, Brookfield said in a release, is to comprise 22 contracted utility-scale solar and onshore wind installations in markets “experiencing strong energy demand growth across the U.S.”

The projects total approximately 2.3 gigawatts (GW) of operating capacity and are newly operational, according to Brookfield. Norges Bank, Norway's central bank which manages the country's sovereign wealth fund, said the 22 projects are made up of 17 solar facilities and five onshore wind farms across 11 states.

The assets are backed by long-term power purchase agreements with investment grade counterparties, with a weighted average remaining term of approximately 16 years.

That last part is critical because these long-term power purchase agreements offer great downside protection and have inflation adjustments embedded in them.

Lincoln Webb, Executive Vice President & Global Head, Infrastructure & Renewable Resources at BCI, stated it well in the press release:

“Northview is a highly strategic addition to our infrastructure portfolio, bringing together de‑risked renewable energy assets, long‑term contracted revenues, and a clear path for growth alongside likeminded, high‑calibre partners. With a diversified portfolio of new solar and wind projects serving an established base of premium clients, the platform is designed to be resilient in an evolving energy landscape.”

And now BCI, NBIM and Brookfield will co-own the platform and nurture it as it grows and acquires more renewable energy projects.

This is a terrific renewable energy platform backed by three leading global investors. 

Great deal, had to cover it, time to take some time off.

Below, Brookfield CEO Bruce Flatt on The Pulse with Francine Lacqua (5 days ago). 

Great interview, take the time to watch it. 

This op-ed was originally published on MS NOW. Read the full piece here. 

President Donald Trump has said some strikingly out-of-touch things about affordability: that it’s a “hoax,” he’s “solved it” and he’s “won affordability.” In his State of the Union address, he even said “prices are plummeting downward.” U.S. families know this is nonsense. But to see how much Trump’s policies will erode affordability in the coming years, you must understand that affordability isn’t just about prices. 

Affordability is the outcome of a race between incomes and prices. And for typical families, the Trump agenda is near-guaranteed to harm their incomes far more than it can possibly reduce their prices. 

Even judged by the movement of prices alone, Trump’s record on affordability is poor. Inflation fell from 8.0% to 3.0% in the final two years of the Biden administration. This rapid downward movement slowed to a crawl in the first year of Trump’s second term, with inflation falling from 3.0% to just over 2.6%.

There are clear policy reasons why progress in reducing inflation has slowed. Electricity prices have surged as the Trump administration has ended subsidies for renewable generation passed during the Biden administration. The Trump tax cuts passed in the president’s first term were part of a law that gouged loopholes in the tax code, including inviting pharmaceutical companies to offshore their production and import back into the United States. Last year the Trump administration put tariffs on these offshored pharmaceuticals, pushing up their costs. When the administration failed to extend Obamacare subsidies for people buying health insurance through the exchanges, healthier enrollees who could afford to began opting out, driving up prices for everybody left in the Affordable Care Act marketplace.  

And these are not the only ways that Trump administration policies have intensified affordability issues for ordinary Americans.

Read the full piece here. 

Canadian Property Management reports CPP Investments inks Nordic data centre deal:

Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments) is furthering its collaboration with the global digital infrastructure company, Equinix, through joint acquisition of the atNorth data centre portfolio, stretching across five Nordic nations. CPP Investments will contribute roughly USD $1.6 billion to secure a 60 per cent controlling interest in atNorth, which encompasses eight operational data centres and three high-density colocation facilities now in development.

“The Nordics are an attractive market for data centre growth and the opportunity to partner with Equinix on this acquisition allows us to deploy capital at scale into a high-quality platform,” says Maximilian Biagosch, senior managing director and global head of real assets with CPP Investments.

The two investors are already part of a three-way partnership with the sovereign wealth fund, GIC, focused on developing hyperscale data facilities in the United States. The atNorth deal aligns with CPP Investments’ data centre strategy and augments publicly traded Equinix’s presence in the Nordics, where it currently operates eight data centres in Helsinki, Finland and Stockholm, Sweden.

The new acquisitions will continue to operate under the atNorth brand, which is headquartered in Reykjavik, Iceland, with presence in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The data centre provider has 800 megawatts of installed or in-development capacity, and has power agreements in place to enable an additional 1 gigawatt of capacity and a move into hyperscale services. Its existing portfolio applies renewable energy resources, heat reuse technology and design efficiencies to reduce environmental impacts — also in step with Equinix’s renewable energy footprint for its European operations and target for net-zero emissions globally by 2040.

“Combined with our joint focus on sustainability, this acquisition is expected to enhance our ability to help customers unlock the full potential of the Nordics’ expanding digital landscape,” maintains Bruce Owen, president of Equinix in the EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Asia) market. “We are delighted to partner with CPP Investments, whose long-term track record of investing in the sector is highly complementary to Equinix’s connectivity services.”

“I’m extremely proud to announce the next step in our chapter, welcoming this investment from CPP Investments and Equinix, which will enable access to capital, global enterprise and hyperscale relationships, and supply chain strength required to scale at pace,” says Eyjólfur Magnús Kristinsson, atNorth’s chief executive officer.

The USD $4.2 billion agreement covers both the acquisition and capital for future expansion, with underwriting advanced by Canadian and European lenders. It will be finalized subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions.

Last week, CPP Investments issued a press release stating it entered into a joint agreement with Equinix to purchase atNorth, a leading Nordic data center provider:

Leading Data Center Provider in the Nordics Has Operations in Five Countries, Providing Equinix with Access to Capacity to Meet Enterprise, AI and Hyperscale Demand in Key Markets

TORONTO, Canada and AMSTERDAM, Netherlands – February 27, 2026 – Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments) and Equinix, Inc. (Nasdaq: EQIX), the world’s digital infrastructure company®, today announced they have entered into a joint agreement to purchase atNorth—a leading Nordic high-density colocation and built-to-suit data center provider—from Partners Group, one of the largest firms in the global private markets industry.

The US$4 billion enterprise value transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. The agreement between CPP Investments and Equinix will support atNorth in its continued rapid scaling, through capturing opportunities created by rising demand for data center infrastructure. CPP Investments will invest approximately US$1.6 billion, owning an approximate 60% controlling interest, and Equinix will own an approximate 40% stake. The transaction is expected to be immediately accretive upon close to Equinix’s adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) per share.

atNorth’s portfolio includes eight operational data centers alongside several sites under development across Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, as well as plans for further expansion, with 1 GW of secured power and a considerable amount of additional future capacity planned. Designed to meet increasing demand for AI and high-performance computing, several of the company’s facilities are liquid cooling-enabled to support high-density workloads. Across its portfolio, atNorth integrates renewable energy sourcing, heat reuse initiatives and efficient modular design to advance circular economy principles and minimize environmental impact.

“This acquisition is a powerful validation of atNorth’s journey and its market position as the leading Nordics data center platform,” said Eyjólfur Magnús Kristinsson, CEO of atNorth. “It further illustrates the strategic importance of the region as Europe’s rising AI powerhouse. I’m extremely proud to announce the next step in our chapter, welcoming this investment from CPP Investments and Equinix, which will enable access to capital, global enterprise, and hyperscale relationships, and supply chain strength required to scale at pace. Our strategy remains firmly rooted in the Nordics, and we will continue to operate independently under the atNorth brand, preserving our dedication to the communities where we operate and the culture and values that have defined our success to date.”

“This transaction builds on our long-standing and highly productive relationship with Equinix,” said Maximilian Biagosch, Senior Managing Director & Global Head of Real Assets, CPP Investments. “It demonstrates our conviction and commitment to the data center sector, where demand continues to accelerate, fueled by continued strong enterprise demand as well as cloud and AI adoption. The Nordics are an attractive market for data center growth and the opportunity to partner with Equinix on this acquisition allows us to deploy capital at scale into a high-quality platform, helping us deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns for CPP contributors and beneficiaries.”

“The scalable sites of atNorth are very complementary to Equinix’s connectivity services and global footprint. Combined with our joint focus on sustainability, this acquisition is expected to enhance our ability to help customers unlock the full potential of the Nordics’ expanding digital landscape,” explained Bruce Owen, President, EMEA, Equinix. “For businesses looking to scale with resilience, Equinix offers a future-ready infrastructure for long-term success, maintaining the jurisdictional and data sovereignty of organizations operating in the region. We are delighted to partner with CPP Investments, whose long-term track record of investing in the sector is highly complementary to Equinix’s connectivity services.”

There are multiple factors contributing to the Nordics’ burgeoning status as a critical hub for the next generation of digital growth. The Nordics region is widely recognized for its strong and resilient economy, supported by a long‑standing emphasis on innovation, research and technical expertise. Renowned worldwide for its leadership in environmentally sustainable projects, the Nordic region provides access to renewable energy sources, bolstered by its naturally cool climates.

Highlights / Key Facts

• As part of the transaction, CPP Investments and Equinix have provisionally agreed to a financing package of US$4.2 billion (€3.6 billion), underwritten by a group of European and Canadian lenders to fund the transaction as well as the capital required to fund the expansion of the business.
• atNorth has an installed and active development pipeline of approximately 800 MW that will come online over the next five years. In addition, it has plans for significant further expansion, with an additional 1 GW of secured power and a considerable amount of future capacity planned, providing a platform for future expansion across the Nordics.
• Equinix currently operates eight data centers in the Nordics, including five in Helsinki and three in Stockholm, contributing to a wider European footprint of over 100 facilities across 20 countries. This regional reach enables customers to deploy infrastructure close to end users and directly connect with AI, cloud, network and enterprise partners anywhere in the world.
• The transaction adds to CPP Investments’ long-standing collaboration with Equinix, which includes a 2024 joint venture alongside GIC to expand the Equinix xScale® data center program.
• The investment further enhances CPP Investments’ global data center strategy and builds out its presence in Europe.
• Designing for responsible operations and in line with atNorth’s sustainability focus, Equinix operates all its European facilities with 100% renewable energy coverage and is on track to achieve its global net-zero target by 2040. The company’s environmental strategy centers around implementing energy efficiency initiatives to optimize energy usage, piloting innovative decarbonization solutions and collaborating with suppliers to address emissions.
• Equinix delivers customer-controlled sovereignty, providing the foundation of digital infrastructure—secure facilities, reliable power, private connectivity—with customers keeping 100% control of their technology stack, data and operational decisions. The company’s global infrastructure enables organizations to access comprehensive ecosystems around the world while maintaining uncompromising local control.
• Equinix was advised by Guggenheim Securities Europe Ltd. as financial advisor as well as Slaughter and May as legal advisor.

Additional Resources

• Sustainability at Equinix [website]
• Unmatched interconnection, scalable colocation and infrastructure across Europe, the Middle East and Africa [website]
• What’s Driving the Digital Economy in the Nordic Countries? [blog]
• The Future of Autonomous Networking: How AI Is Redefining Connectivity [blog]

About atNorth

atNorth is the leading Nordic data center company that offers cost-effective, scalable high-density colocation and built-to-suit services trusted by industry-leading organizations. With sustainability at its core, atNorth’s data centers run on renewable energy resources and support circular economy principles. All atNorth sites leverage innovative design, power efficiency, and intelligent operations to provide long-term infrastructure and flexible colocation deployments. atNorth is headquartered in Reykjavik, Iceland and operates eight data centers in strategic locations across the Nordics, as well as a ninth under construction in Kouvola, Finland, a tenth site in Ølgod, Denmark and an eleventh campus in Stockholm, Sweden. The business has also announced a new mega-site development in the Sollefteå Municipality in Sweden.

For more information, visit atNorth.com or follow atNorth on LinkedIn.

About CPP Investments

Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments™) is a professional investment management organization that manages the Canada Pension Plan Fund in the best interest of the more than 22 million contributors and beneficiaries. In order to build diversified portfolios of assets, we make investments around the world in public equities, private equities, real estate, infrastructure, fixed income and alternative strategies including in partnership with funds. Headquartered in Toronto, with offices in Hong Kong, London, Mumbai, New York City, São Paulo and Sydney, CPP Investments is governed and managed independently of the Canada Pension Plan and at arm’s length from governments. At December 31, 2025, the Fund totaled C$780.7 billion. For more information, please visit www.cppinvestments.com or follow us on LinkedIn, Instagram or on X @CPPInvestments.

About Equinix

Equinix, Inc. (Nasdaq: EQIX) shortens the path to boundless connectivity anywhere in the world. Its digital infrastructure, data center footprint and interconnected ecosystems empower innovations that enhance our work, life and planet. Equinix connects economies, countries, organizations and communities, delivering seamless digital experiences and cutting-edge AI—quickly, efficiently and everywhere. 

It's March break here in Quebec, so I will be very brief.

This is another fantastic acquisition for CPP Investments, partnering with Equinix to acquire atNorth. 

To really appreciate this transaction, I invite you read this 2024 interview where atNorth CEO Eyjólfur Magnús Kristinsson discussed the DEN02 project in Denmark:

In an interview, atNorth’s CEO Eyjólfur Magnús Kristinsson discussed the company’s newest project, DEN02—a mega data center in Denmark set to advance heat reuse for greenhouses and local housing. With an initial capacity of 250MW and plans for significant scalability, DEN02 aims to make atNorth a major data center provider in Denmark.

The center will support colocation and high-performance computing (HPC) needs, especially for AI-intensive workloads, leveraging Denmark’s green energy grid.

The DEN02 data center is strategically designed to support high-density workloads, providing infrastructure for both colocation clients and custom, build-to-suit projects tailored to AI and HPC applications.

The scale and advanced engineering of DEN02 make it one of the largest data center initiatives in Denmark. Designed with sustainability in mind, DEN02 will harness Denmark’s green energy grid and leverage innovative heat reuse methods, providing residual heat for large-scale greenhouses and local housing.

AtNorth’s partnership with WARM, a local greenhouse developer, ensures that DEN02’s heat reuse plan will directly benefit the region, contributing to local food production and reducing heating costs for nearby homes.

Expected to break ground by Q1 2026, DEN02 represents a milestone in atNorth’s growth and its commitment to integrating environmental and community benefits into data center operations.

atNorth’s vision includes strong local engagement, with DEN02 bringing jobs and sustainable infrastructure, positioning Denmark as a strategic hub for AI and HPC in Northern Europe.

Read the whole interview here. 

This company is top, Equinix did its homework here before presenting this deal to CPP Investments which is now taking a controlling stake, adding to its already impressive data center platform all over the world.

Below, following a varied career starting in sales before moving up into managerial roles across the IT industry, Eyjólfur Magnús Kristinsson is now at the helm of atNorth, a pan-Nordic colocation, high-performance computing and artificial intelligence service provider, which soon will be present in all Nordic nations (2024).

Sean Conlon and Pia Sinh of CNBC report the Dow closes more than 500 points lower after hot inflation report, mounting concerns about AI impact:

Stocks dropped on Friday after the latest producer price index data came in much hotter than expected, adding sticky inflation to a list of concerns that has caused market turbulence this month.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 521.28 points, or 1.05%, to close at 48,977.92. The S&P 500 closed down 0.43% at 6,878.88, while the Nasdaq Composite lost 0.92% to settle at 22,668.21.

The S&P 500 and Nasdaq finished in the red for February amid growing fears about the impact of artificial intelligence on specific industries and the overall economy. Those fears were exacerbated after Jack Dorsey’s fintech company Block said it’s laying off more than 4,000 employees — nearly half of its workforce. Stocks in the financial sector and other areas of the market tied to the economic cycle pulled back Friday.

Stocks linked to private credit were under pressure again as investors anticipated that they could be potentially suffer as a result of UK mortgage provider Market Financial Solutions’ collapse. Apollo and Jefferies were among the laggards, dropping more than 8% and 9%, respectively. Shares of Blue Owl, which has been hit recently in the wake of its liquidity curbs and asset sale, fell about 6%.

Notable software names suffered losses as well Friday as they close out a terrible month. Salesforce tumbled more than 2%, as did Microsoft, which weighed on the Dow. Cybersecurity company Zscaler shed 12% after deferred revenue and billings in the fiscal second quarter missed expectations. CoreWeave fell 18% on disappointing guidance.

Nvidia extended its post-earnings slide with a 4% fall Friday. The stock shed more than 5% on Thursday, a surprise to many investors who remain bullish on the chipmaker given its blowout fourth-quarter results and upcoming product cycle. Market participants attributed the decline in shares to doubts around Nvidia’s deal with OpenAI, weak sentiment over the AI trade and skepticism about whether hyperscalers’ lofty AI capital expenditures are sustainable.

Fueling the downbeat sentiment, January’s producer price index — a measure of wholesale inflation — showed a 0.5% increase for the month. Economists polled by Dow Jones saw the headline reading coming in at 0.3%. Perhaps more concerning is that the core PPI reading, which excludes food and energy prices, recorded a 0.8% gain, much more than the 0.3% rise economists anticipated.

Stephen Kolano, chief investment officer at Integrated Partners, views the PPI report as an additional complication for investors on top of the already-existing anxieties surrounding not just AI capex and the risk of its disruption to industries but also other factors such as stress in the private credit market. Noting that the inflation reading seems to be more services driven, he thinks it’s a sign companies are possibly starting to pass through the cost of tariffs to the end consumer in order to maintain their margins.

“Inflation isn’t solved yet,” he said, adding that it creates this conundrum for the Federal Reserve of deciding whether to cut interest rates to spur growth or to hold steady to continue to fight inflation. “It just creates this uncertainty around which way is policy going to go in the remainder of the year.”

That’s not to mention the state of the labor market as another worry, Kolano said. Even though job growth last month was much better than expected, the investment chief said he isn’t sure that the labor market is stabilizing given that layoffs have been picking up. In fact, Challenger, Gray & Christmas reported earlier this month that layoffs in January hit their highest total for that month since the global financial crisis.

“I don’t see a clear sign that unemployment is not going to move higher just yet,” he said.

The Nasdaq posted a decline of more than 3% in February, seeing its worst monthly performance since last March. The iShares Expanded Tech-Software ETF (IGV) is down nearly 10% for the month, bringing its year-to-date losses to almost 23%. The S&P 500, meanwhile, recorded a loss of close to 1% in February, while the Dow climbed about 0.2%. 

Rian Howlett  ,  Karen Friar and Jake Conley of Yahoo Finance also report the Dow, S&P 500, Nasdaq fall to end volatile month as AI worries buffet markets:

US stocks sank on Friday after a measure of wholesale inflation came in hotter than expected and Block's (XYZ) surprise shakeup turned the spotlight on AI disruption risks.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average led the way down with a loss of 1%, or more than 500 points. Meanwhile, the Nasdaq Composite fell 0.8%, while the S&P 500 dropped 0.4%, respectively, on the heels of sharp closing losses for the tech-heavy indexes.

The Dow barely eked out a gain in February, keeping its nine-month winning streak intact, with the blue-chip index rising 0.17% for the month. The Nasdaq and S&P 500 declined more than 3.3% and 0.86%, respectively, for the month.

Ongoing worries over private credit rippled through the market, while concerns that AI could wreak havoc across a swath of industries also came into focus. Those fears were stoked on Thursday when Block co-founder Jack Dorsey said the fintech will cut nearly half its workforce due to AI productivity.

Elsewhere in corporate news, Netflix (NFLX) shares rose after the streaming giant abandoned its pursuit of Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD). That left rival Oracle (ORCL)-linked bidder Paramount Skydance (PSKY) to clinch a buy of the Hollywood studio, giving its stock a boost, too.

On the macro front, January’s producer price index rose 0.5% month over month, showing that wholesale inflation grew at a faster pace than the 0.3% rise economists expected. Core PPI — which excludes volatile food and energy prices — of 0.8% for the month also exceeded forecasts of 0.3%.

Looking ahead, Berkshire Hathaway (BRK-B, BRK-A) CEO Greg Abel is expected to publish his first annual shareholder letter on Saturday, after taking over from Warren Buffett. It will come out alongside the conglomerate's quarterly and 2025 update. 

Software got punched in the gut in February

It's fitting that February ended with another tech sell-off led by software, as the iShares software ETF (IGV) dropped roughly 10% for the month after probing last summer's lows earlier this week. 

A few names bucked the trend — RingCentral (RNG) gained about 40% while Cisco (CSCO) and SAP (SAP) were little changed. But the story is the breadth of the red and the technical damage.

Microsoft (MSFT) is down almost 9%, wiping out over $270 billion in market capitalization, while Oracle (ORCL) fell nearly 13% for a $60 billion drop. Palantir (PLTR), Intuit (INTU), and Palo Alto Networks (PANW) each shed about $25 billion.

On the other end of the tape, the biggest drawdowns were ugly: Unity (U) and Atlassian (TEAM) were both off over 35%, while Asana (ASAN) declined 30% and Zscaler (ZS) only a little less.

Alright, another crazy week in the US stock market, where we once again saw more selling of tech stocks in general, including beaten-down software stocks, although they look to be bottoming here.

Here are this week's best-performing large-cap stocks (full list here): 

Among them are Paramount Skydance, Netflix, Dell, Block, and Thompson Reuters.

And here are this week's worst-performing large-cap stocks (full list here):

 Among them are Novo Nordisk, First Solar, KKR, and Apollo Asset Management.

 More impressive this week were how some of the mid-cap stocks rallied hard (full list here):

 

Among them are Applied Optoelect, Palvella Therapeutics, Iovance Biotherapeutics, and 10X Genomics.

Now more than ever, it's a market of stocks; you really need to pick your spots carefully. 

In other big news, cutting nearly 40% of its workforce, Block loudly professed that the days of AI taking the jobs of humans has arrived. 

Is a massive AI deflationary wave in the making? Maybe, too soon to tell. 

Alright, enjoy your weekend, that's a wrap.

Below, BMO Senior Equity Analyst Brennan Hawkin joins 'Closing Bell Overtime' to talk the state of the private credit markets as the sector sees a downturn.

Next, Dan Ives, Wedbush Securities, joins 'Closing Bell' to discuss the rough week for shares of Nvidia, the recent funding round from OpenAI and much more.

Jason Lemire on LinkedIn shows why Nvidia's real liabilities are more than twice what is shown on the balance sheet (see his post here).

Third, Warren Pies, 3Fourteen Ventures, joins 'Closing Bell Overtime' to talk why he is bearish on the markets due to the impact of AI on labor.

Fourth, Tom Lee explains why February felt worse than it was, why Nvidia’s valuation stands out, and why March could be a turnaround month.

Lastly, legendary macro investor Stan Druckenmiller joins Hard Lessons for a conversation with Iliana Bouzali, Global Head of Derivatives Distribution and Structuring at Morgan Stanley. 

Druckenmiller reflects on his early career and how he learned to act decisively and change course quickly when the facts on the ground shift. Hear how he would construct a portfolio if he had to start over today, why contrarianism is overrated, and which stock he regrets selling too early. 

Amazing interview, Stan is the man!! 

Too many U.S. employers are breaking the social contract by paying unfairly and inefficiently low wages. These low wages are one reason why even people who work regularly throughout the year can qualify for income assistance programs like Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Further, the Republican-led One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBB) that passed last year will sharply cut Medicaid and SNAP over the next decade by well over $1 trillion combined.

The combination of these trends—low-road employers paying insufficient wages and big upcoming cuts to Medicaid and SNAP—has led to a flurry of policy proposals at the state level to address them. One proposal—employer assessment fees (EAFs)—appears at first glance to address both problems by imposing a tax on firms that employ workers who receive Medicaid or SNAP, with the tax often calculated as the number of workers receiving these benefits multiplied by the average cost of those benefits. But EAFs are not the optimal solution to either problem and might cause undesirable collateral damage.

Here’s why:

• Medicaid and SNAP do not make it easier for employers to offer lower wages. In fact, they likely raise the wages needed to attract workers—and that’s a good thing.
  • This is not universal across all safety net and income support programs. Some of these, like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), do see some of their benefits likely bypass workers and captured by low-wage employers.
• If you make Medicaid-receiving workers more expensive to employ, then employers will try to employ fewer of them and/or lower their market wages. And if the tax is proportional to the average cost of benefits like Medicaid, this incentive is large.
• Employer assessments fees are generally a large tax imposed on a small base. But revenue is maximized when tax bases are broad.
• The targets of EAFs can be more effectively reached with other policies.
  • Raising minimum wages and passing legislation to strengthen workers’ rights to unionize and bargain collectively are alternative policies for forcing employers to pay more.
  • Broad-based taxes are alternative polices for raising revenue.
    • Higher corporate income taxes or employer-side payroll taxes would be more progressive alternatives for taxing employers.
    • Another alternative would be to penalize firms that don’t offer employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) to workers. This is not a huge base, but it is by definition wider than those who receive Medicaid (which is just a subset of all workers not receiving ESI through the firm.)

Below, we expand on these points.

Medicaid and SNAP do not make it easier for employers to offer lower wages

A concern is often expressed that Medicaid and SNAP “subsidize” low-wage employers by making it easier for them to offer lower wages. Intuitively, thinking that Medicaid and SNAP subsidize low-wage employers actually gives these employers far too much credit for caring about the living standards of their workers. Higher pay is not given out of the goodness of employers’ hearts—it happens when policy or market conditions change. Medicaid and SNAP do not change labor market conditions in any way that lowers workers’ pay, and when these programs are cut in coming years, low-wage employers are not going to think “we need to raise our wages to help these employees who are seeing cuts to other income sources.” They will instead raise wages only if policy mandates they do or if market conditions change.

In reality, Medicaid and SNAP actually boost lower-wage workers’ meager leverage to demand higher pay by making periods of non-work less miserable. This slightly improved fallback position for low-wage workers keeps them from being forced as quickly by material deprivation into accepting any possible wage offer from employers. Policy changes that reduce how many workers receive Medicaid or SNAP will put further downward pressure on wages. We should support policies that expand the number of workers who have their wages supplemented by safety net programs, not policies that penalize and stigmatize using benefits.

This wage-boosting effect is not universal among all public income support programs. The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), for example, pays more as workers supply more hours to the paid labor market. This boost to labor supply puts some downward pressure on market wages and can lead to some of the EITC benefits bypassing workers and being captured by employers (unless it is complemented by strong minimum wages.)

Making workers who receive safety net benefits more expensive will reduce demand for them

If you make workers who receive safety net benefits more expensive for employers to keep on payroll, then you increase the incentive for these employers to hire fewer of them or offer them lower wages.

Supporters of EAFs could argue this logic could be employed against any effort that made workers more expensive, like minimum wages. But minimum wages apply to all workers, and employers by definition cannot lower wages to absorb the higher costs minimum wages impose. Fully substituting away from workers whose pay has been lifted by minimum wages and toward other inputs essentially means employers would have to make costly investments in plant, capital, equipment, and processes.

Conversely, only a small fraction of workers receives safety net benefits. Absent binding minimum wages, employers can lower their market-based pay to recoup the EAFs (at least until they run into the relevant minimum wage in the labor market.) Trying to substitute away from workers who receive safety net benefits toward workers who are less likely to receive these benefits is more doable for employers than substituting away from all lower-wage labor.

These employer efforts to figure out who on their payroll is likely to trigger an EAF could lead to collateral damage. Workers from groups that are more likely to receive safety net benefits might be discriminated against across-the-board, regardless of whether or not they are actually enrolled in Medicaid or SNAP. Basically, EAFs mean that populations who are more likely to use benefits—like low-income single moms—would face even greater barriers in the labor market. Workers of color are also overrepresented among the families who use SNAP and Medicaid.

Further, the direct benefits of broad-based minimum wages to workers are large—all low-wage workers get a raise if their pay was lower than the new minimum. The direct benefits to any worker from an EAF is nonexistent—their pay does not rise, and they are not more likely to receive employer benefits.

The indirect benefits of EAFs are simply the revenue they raise, and if this revenue can be raised in less costly ways, then EAFs are not optimal.

EAFs are a large tax on a small base

Workers who receive Medicaid benefits constitute roughly 10% of the overall workforce (and their share of total hours is significantly less than this). This is a relatively small base for a tax. But the size of proposed EAFs is often quite large, sometimes as large as the average Medicaid benefit. This benefit can reach more than $9,000 annually in many states. For a full-time, year-round worker making $15 an hour, this constitutes a tax on employers equivalent to 30% of that worker’s entire earnings.

Large taxes on small bases often lead to behavioral responses that erode the revenue gained from the tax. The large value of the tax incentivizes this avoidance behavior, and the small base allows substitution away from workers who trigger the tax. This means that EAFs would raise—at best—a highly uncertain amount of revenue and could well end up raising small amounts.

Sometimes, behavioral responses to taxes that reduce the revenue they raise are socially useful. For example, when cigarette taxes lead to reduced smoking or even when workers facing higher taxes are able to voluntarily substitute more leisure for work. But the behavioral response to EAFs that lowers the revenue gained from them also directly inflicts harm on low-wage workers.

There are better alternatives for the policy goals of EAFs

The recent pushes to use EAFs come from very good impulses: the desire to force employers to pay more and stop defecting on the social contract, and the desire to raise revenue so that states can buffer their residents from the terrible coming effects of the OBBB.

But there are better alternatives to achieve these goals. To raise wages, higher minimum wages are an obvious first step. A second step is policy changes that better enable willing workers to form unions and bargain collectively, even in the face of steep employer resistance. Policymaker inaction has largely destroyed the fundamental right of association in much of the U.S. labor market. Reversing this would, in the long run, solve many of the problems of employer behavior that EAFs are trying to target.

There are also better sources to raise reliable revenue to buffer residents from the OBBB’s steep cuts. If the desired target for these revenue increases is employers, higher corporate income taxes or higher employer-side payroll taxes (for all workers) could be used. Another revenue source specifically targeted at low-road employers could be increasing penalties for firms based on the number of their employees who are not covered by employer-sponsored health insurance through the workplace. This is not a huge tax base, but it is by definition larger than just employers with workers receiving Medicaid, as it would also include workers with no coverage at all. Further, this tax would incentivize the provision of ESI to more workers, a good thing in itself.

Most people understand a basic truth: you get what you pay for. Skip maintenance on your roof, and you shouldn’t be surprised when leaks appear.

The same is true of government. If we want a high-functioning public sector—and we should—there is no shortcut. It requires sustained investment in the people and capacity that make government work. Starve it of resources, and its performance will inevitably suffer.

In a recent New York Times essay, academics Nicholas Bagley and Robert Gordon argue otherwise. In their telling, government underperforms because public-sector unions have too much power, driving up costs and resisting efficiencies. Their solution is simple: rein in unions and invest less—largely by cutting pay for public-sector workers. It’s a tidy story that promises an easy fix.

It is also economically incoherent.

The central constraint on public-sector performance is not the power of unions—it is chronic underinvestment. For decades, policymakers have allowed public-sector pay and prestige to fall behind comparable private-sector jobs and have outsourced key functions that should have been performed by skilled civil servants, not profit-maximizing private contractors that are the real source of excess costs for state and local governments. The predictable results have been staffing shortages, uneven service quality, and degraded state capacity—not because we are paying too much, but because we have been trying to get government on the cheap.

Start with the most basic implicit claim Bagley and Gordon return to again and again: that public-sector unions have extracted excessive compensation and resisted efficiencies at every turn. If that were true, we would expect to see the total compensation of public-sector workers rising as a share of the overall economy. In fact, the opposite has happened—the combined compensation of public employees has shrunk noticeably as a share of national income for the last quarter century.

To be sure, policymakers should always aim to deliver value for taxpayers. And—just as in the private sector—there are surely instances where some public employee’s pay is out of line or workers resist useful improvements. But if overpayment for services delivered inefficiently was a general feature of the public sector, their aggregate compensation wouldn’t be shrinking sharply over time.

Bagley and Gordon support their claims with a shotgun blast of anecdotes about public-sector unions able to muscle excess pay out of colluding Democratic politicians that are almost laughably context-free. L.A. Mayor Karen Bass gave larger-than-normal raises to public-sector employees in 2024? I’d hope so—prices had risen 23% in the previous five years (this inflation had made some news) and private-sector pay for non-supervisory employees was up 28% over that time. The suggestion by Bagley and Gordon that these raises were untoward only makes sense if you actively want the desirability of public employment to crater relative to the rest of the economy.

Bagley and Gordon also note darkly that “more than half” of local government expenditures are paid to employees. So what? Local government spending is not like federal government spending where the overwhelming majority of it is simple transfer payments—sending checks to people (Social Security) and medical providers (Medicare and Medicaid). Local governments must directly deliver public goods and services, like public education. That’s going to be done by people who need to be paid. The private sector, too, devotes the majority of its spending to labor (in the corporate sector, labor’s share is well over 70%.)

Even the data they cite for this irrelevant point show that compensation—including the benefits that Bagley and Gordon decry—in state and local jobs is lower than for similar workers in the private sector. That gap matters. Public-sector employers must compete in the same labor markets as everyone else, and low relative pay for skilled workers in the public sector compromises the ability of public-sector employers to attract and retain highly effective workers.

This ignorance of how labor markets in the private and public sectors interact is the root of many of Bagley and Gordon’s economic misunderstandings.

Consider their discussion of education spending, where they note that California spends more per pupil than Mississippi. California does spend more per pupil in nominal dollars, but prices in California are far higher than in Mississippi. Even more importantly, private-sector salaries for college-educated professionals in California are much higher than in Mississippi—and those are the jobs that set the outside options that talented college graduates weigh when deciding whether to enter and remain in teaching. Put another way, it is competition from the private sector that determines how high pay must be to attract and retain high-quality teachers. Education researchers know this, and that’s why the generally accepted way to assess the sufficiency of education spending is not nominal dollars spent per pupil, but per pupil spending scaled to per capita GDP in a state. In forthcoming work we show that on this measure, California ranks 36th in the nation—lower than Mississippi.

This also shows why the Bagley and Gordon claim that “…blue states and cities often also pay state and local government workers more than similar jobs pay in red jurisdictions, even after adjusting for the cost of living” misses the point so spectacularly. State and local governments are embedded in their local economies and public-sector pay has to rise in line with private-sector pay in the economy around them, or the quality and quantity of available public employees will suffer.

The big problem over recent decades is that public-sector pay has not kept pace with the surrounding economy, which has made it harder to recruit and retain qualified workers. Teacher shortages, for instance, stem directly from the huge gap that has emerged in recent decades between what public school teachers earn and what comparable private sector workers earn, even in the highest-spending states. How would making these jobs lower-paying and lower-prestige add excellent new teachers and improve educational outcomes?

Another common complaint about the public sector is that it slows infrastructure projects. The public is often invited to imagine huge teams of paper-pushing bureaucrats gleefully stamping “no” on planning documents. But the clearest finding in empirical research about the drivers of higher-cost infrastructure is that costs have risen fastest where states reduced the number of transportation department employees. Fewer public-sector workers means that more of the planning work has been outsourced to more expensive private consultants.

Bagley and Gordon claim that when policymakers bargain with public-sector unions, there is no constraint on their incentives to grant union demands in exchange for electoral support. In reality, there is a crushing countervailing constraint—the overwhelming perception that voters are rabidly anti-tax. This results in a deep reluctance by policymakers to call for the level of revenue needed for public sector excellence. It is a far bigger structural problem today than any supposed excess power of public-sector unions.

Public-sector workers don’t just bear the brunt of underinvestment, they are also one of the few consistent voices arguing for robust financing of state and local governments, bargaining directly for the public good. They advocate for libraries to remain open in rural communities so that everybody has at least some access to the internet, for higher levels of K–12 education spending, and for proper training for EMTs and other first responders to ensure public safety.

Despite these efforts, public sector financing has been throttled in recent decades, and the results have been a predictable degradation of services. Even worse is coming, as the Republican tax and spending megabill will impose crushing cuts to safety net programs that states administer and jointly fund.

For decades we have been relying on the admirable intrinsic motivation of public employees to shield us from some of the damage of underinvestment—nurses, first-responders, and teachers going above and beyond the strict demands of their jobs to provide services they feel called to perform. But we’ve already asked too much while paying too little. If we want a truly excellent public sector—and we should—we need to pay for it.